mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Stochastic-Shield: A Probabilistic Approach Towards Training-Free Adversarial Defense in Quantized CNNs

arXiv 2105.06512 ↗First posted 13 May 2021cs.LG cs.CRcited by 5

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Abstract (arXiv)

Quantized neural networks (NN) are the common standard to efficiently deploy deep learning models on tiny hardware platforms. However, we notice that quantized NNs are as vulnerable to adversarial attacks as the full-precision models. With the proliferation of neural networks on small devices that we carry or surround us, there is a need for efficient models without sacrificing trust in the prediction in presence of malign perturbations. Current mitigation approaches often need adversarial training or are bypassed when the strength of adversarial examples is increased. In this work, we investigate how a probabilistic framework would assist in overcoming the aforementioned limitations for quantized deep learning models. We explore Stochastic-Shield: a flexible defense mechanism that leverages input filtering and a probabilistic deep learning approach materialized via Monte Carlo Dropout. We show that it is possible to jointly achieve efficiency and robustness by accurately enabling each module without the burden of re-retraining or ad hoc fine-tuning.

Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 28 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 13 May 2021.

Builds on

26 of 28 references.

References · 26

  1. 2014Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examplescited by 7,364
  2. 2017Towards Deep Learning Models Resistant to Adversarial Attackscited by 6,415
  3. 2015Dropout as a Bayesian Approximation: Representing Model Uncertainty in Deep Learningcited by 4,448
  4. 2016Towards Evaluating the Robustness of Neural Networkscited by 2,998
  5. 2016Concrete Problems in AI Safetycited by 1,642
  6. 2019Can You Trust Your Model's Uncertainty? Evaluating Predictive Uncertainty Under Dataset Shiftcited by 1,287
  7. 2016Adversarial Machine Learning at Scalecited by 936
  8. 2016Deep Variational Information Bottleneckcited by 930
  9. 2018Robustness May Be at Odds with Accuracycited by 880
  10. 2017Ensemble Adversarial Training: Attacks and Defensescited by 840
  11. 2018Self-Attention Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 809
  12. 2015Distillation as a Defense to Adversarial Perturbations against Deep Neural Networkscited by 678
14 more
  1. 2017Detecting Adversarial Samples from Artifactscited by 245
  2. 2018Adversarial Robustness Toolbox v1.0.0cited by 215
  3. 2015Bayesian Convolutional Neural Networks with Bernoulli Approximate Variational Inferencecited by 159
  4. 2020To be Robust or to be Fair: Towards Fairness in Adversarial Trainingcited by 137
  5. 2019Defensive Quantization: When Efficiency Meets Robustnesscited by 95
  6. 2019On Physical Adversarial Patches for Object Detectioncited by 93
  7. 2019Adversarial camera stickers: A physical camera-based attack on deep learning systemscited by 70
  8. 2017Adversarial Examples, Uncertainty, and Transfer Testing Robustness in Gaussian Process Hybrid Deep Networkscited by 48
  9. 2017Dropout Inference in Bayesian Neural Networks with Alpha-divergencescited by 28
  10. 2020Ptolemy: Architecture Support for Robust Deep Learningcited by 12
  11. 2020Stochastic-YOLO: Efficient Probabilistic Object Detection under Dataset Shiftscited by 9
  12. 2018Bypassing Feature Squeezing by Increasing Adversary Strengthcited by 8
  13. 2021The Benefit of the Doubt: Uncertainty Aware Sensing for Edge Computing Platformscited by 4
  14. 2018The Taboo Trap: Behavioural Detection of Adversarial Samplescited by 2

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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 1; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.

5 papers.

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Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2023Improving the Robustness of Quantized Deep Neural Networks to White-Box Attacks using Stochastic Quantization and Information-Theoretic Ensemble Training
  2. 2025Breaking the Limits of Quantization-Aware Defenses: QADT-R for Robustness Against Patch-Based Adversarial Attacks in QNNs
  3. 2021A Layer-wise Adversarial-aware Quantization Optimization for Improving Robustness
  4. 2026Controllable Stochastic Quantization Encoding for Adversarially Robust Spiking Neural Networks
  5. 2025Quantitative Analysis of Deeply Quantized Tiny Neural Networks Robust to Adversarial Attacks
  6. 2023Improving Robustness Against Adversarial Attacks with Deeply Quantized Neural Networks
  7. 2024David and Goliath: An Empirical Evaluation of Attacks and Defenses for QNNs at the Deep Edge
  8. 2023Adversarial Defenses via Vector Quantization