mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Yes, BM25 is a Strong Baseline for Legal Case Retrieval

arXiv 2105.05686 ↗First posted 26 Apr 2021cs.IR cs.CL cs.LGcited by 24

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

We describe our single submission to task 1 of COLIEE 2021. Our vanilla BM25 got second place, well above the median of submissions. Code is available at https://github.com/neuralmind-ai/coliee.

Key facts. Cited by 24 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 6 of its 20 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 26 Apr 2021.

Builds on

6 of 20 references.

References · 6

  1. 2018BERT: Pre-training of Deep Bidirectional Transformers for Language Understandingcited by 40,204
  2. 2016MS MARCO: A Human Generated MAchine Reading COmprehension Datasetcited by 1,591
  3. 2021Pyserini: An Easy-to-Use Python Toolkit to Support Replicable IR Research with Sparse and Dense Representationscited by 60
  4. 2020Rapidly Deploying a Neural Search Engine for the COVID-19 Open Research Dataset: Preliminary Thoughts and Lessons Learnedcited by 10
  5. 2021IITP@COLIEE 2019: Legal Information Retrieval using BM25 and BERTcited by 5
  6. 2020Cross-domain Retrieval in the Legal and Patent Domains: a Reproducibility Studycited by 4

Built on by

Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2022: 2; 2023: 8; 2024: 3; 2025: 10; 2026: 1.

24 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2025A Reasoning-Focused Legal Retrieval Benchmarkcited by 37
  2. 2024The Chronicles of RAG: The Retriever, the Chunk and the Generatorcited by 34
  3. 2025JuDGE: Benchmarking Judgment Document Generation for Chinese Legal Systemcited by 18
  4. 2023U-CREAT: Unsupervised Case Retrieval using Events extrAcTioncited by 16
  5. 2022nigam@COLIEE-22: Legal Case Retrieval and Entailment using Cascading of Lexical and Semantic-based modelscited by 9
  6. 2023DAPR: A Benchmark on Document-Aware Passage Retrievalcited by 9
  7. 2022Billions of Parameters Are Worth More Than In-domain Training Data: A case study in the Legal Case Entailment Taskcited by 8
  8. 2023Generator-Retriever-Generator Approach for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 8
  9. 2023Black-Box Analysis: GPTs Across Time in Legal Textual Entailment Taskcited by 6
  10. 2025CoCoLex: Confidence-guided Copy-based Decoding for Grounded Legal Text Generationcited by 6
  11. 2025LegalSearchLM: Rethinking Legal Case Retrieval as Legal Elements Generationcited by 5
  12. 2023NOWJ at COLIEE 2023 -- Multi-Task and Ensemble Approaches in Legal Information Processingcited by 4
12 more
  1. 2025Evaluating Legal Reasoning Traces with Legal Issue Tree Rubricscited by 4
  2. 2023LePaRD: A Large-Scale Dataset of Judges Citing Precedentscited by 3
  3. 2024Enhancing Legal Document Retrieval: A Multi-Phase Approach with Large Language Modelscited by 3
  4. 2025Assessing the Performance Gap Between Lexical and Semantic Models for Information Retrieval With Formulaic Legal Languagecited by 3
  5. 2025ASP2LJ : An Adversarial Self-Play Laywer Augmented Legal Judgment Frameworkcited by 3
  6. 2025LLM-based Embedders for Prior Case Retrievalcited by 2
  7. 2025Comparing Knowledge Injection Methods for LLMs in a Low-Resource Regimecited by 2
  8. 2023Sequencing Matters: A Generate-Retrieve-Generate Model for Building Conversational Agentscited by 1
  9. 2025Discourse-Aware Scientific Paper Recommendation via QA-Style Summarization and Multi-Level Contrastive Learningcited by 1
  10. 2023Citation Recommendation on Scholarly Legal Articlescited by 0
  11. 2024GPTs and Language Barrier: A Cross-Lingual Legal QA Examinationcited by 0
  12. 2026When Rules Learn: A Self-Evolving Agent for Legal Case Retrievalcited by 0