mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Learning Image Attacks toward Vision Guided Autonomous Vehicles

arXiv 2105.03834 ↗First posted 9 May 2021cs.RO cs.CR cs.CVcited by 1

On the map: End-to-end autonomous driving → Adversarial scenarios and safety testing

Abstract (arXiv)

While adversarial neural networks have been shown successful for static image attacks, very few approaches have been developed for attacking online image streams while taking into account the underlying physical dynamics of autonomous vehicles, their mission, and environment. This paper presents an online adversarial machine learning framework that can effectively misguide autonomous vehicles' missions. In the existing image attack methods devised toward autonomous vehicles, optimization steps are repeated for every image frame. This framework removes the need for fully converged optimization at every frame to realize image attacks in real-time. Using reinforcement learning, a generative neural network is trained over a set of image frames to obtain an attack policy that is more robust to dynamic and uncertain environments. A state estimator is introduced for processing image streams to reduce the attack policy's sensitivity to physical variables such as unknown position and velocity. A simulation study is provided to validate the results.

Key facts. Cited by 1 paper in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Placed in Adversarial scenarios and safety testing, one of 9 directions in End-to-end autonomous driving. Builds on 15 of its 29 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 May 2021.

Builds on

15 of 29 references.

References · 15

  1. 2014Adam: A Method for Stochastic Optimizationcited by 37,240
  2. 2014Microsoft COCO: Common Objects in Contextcited by 17,608
  3. 2014Explaining and Harnessing Adversarial Examplescited by 7,364
  4. 2014Learning Phrase Representations using RNN Encoder-Decoder for Statistical Machine Translationcited by 4,057
  5. 2015Continuous control with deep reinforcement learningcited by 3,407
  6. 2016Adversarial examples in the physical worldcited by 1,769
  7. 2016YOLO9000: Better, Faster, Strongercited by 1,431
  8. 2016Adversarial Machine Learning at Scalecited by 936
  9. 2017AirSim: High-Fidelity Visual and Physical Simulation for Autonomous Vehiclescited by 523
  10. 2018Black-box Adversarial Attacks with Limited Queries and Informationcited by 501
  11. 2018Generating Adversarial Examples with Adversarial Networkscited by 258
  12. 2019Finite-Time Performance Bounds and Adaptive Learning Rate Selection for Two Time-Scale Reinforcement Learningcited by 40
3 more
  1. 2019Heuristic Black-box Adversarial Attacks on Video Recognition Modelscited by 37
  2. 2019Attacking Vision-based Perception in End-to-End Autonomous Driving Modelscited by 31
  3. 2020ML-driven Malware that Targets AV Safetycited by 9

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2022: 1.

1 paper.

Similar, not cited

Close in wording, no citation either way

  1. 2021Targeted Attack on Deep RL-based Autonomous Driving with Learned Visual Patterns
  2. 2026AD2: Analysis and Detection of Adversarial Threats in Visual Perception for End-to-End Autonomous Driving Systems
  3. 2021Adversarial Driving: Attacking End-to-End Autonomous Driving
  4. 2026Beyond Crash: Hijacking Your Autonomous Vehicle for Fun and Profit
  5. 2021Adversarial Deep Reinforcement Learning for Improving the Robustness of Multi-agent Autonomous Driving Policies
  6. 2024VCAT: Vulnerability-aware and Curiosity-driven Adversarial Training for Enhancing Autonomous Vehicle Robustness
  7. 2025Revisiting Adversarial Perception Attacks and Defense Methods on Autonomous Driving Systems
  8. 2024Less is More: A Stealthy and Efficient Adversarial Attack Method for DRL-based Autonomous Driving Policies