mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Towards Accurate Text-based Image Captioning with Content Diversity Exploration

arXiv 2105.03236 ↗First posted 23 Apr 2021cs.CVcited by 25

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Abstract (arXiv)

Text-based image captioning (TextCap) which aims to read and reason images with texts is crucial for a machine to understand a detailed and complex scene environment, considering that texts are omnipresent in daily life. This task, however, is very challenging because an image often contains complex texts and visual information that is hard to be described comprehensively. Existing methods attempt to extend the traditional image captioning methods to solve this task, which focus on describing the overall scene of images by one global caption. This is infeasible because the complex text and visual information cannot be described well within one caption. To resolve this difficulty, we seek to generate multiple captions that accurately describe different parts of an image in detail. To achieve this purpose, there are three key challenges: 1) it is hard to decide which parts of the texts of images to copy or paraphrase; 2) it is non-trivial to capture the complex relationship between diverse texts in an image; 3) how to generate multiple captions with diverse content is still an open problem. To conquer these, we propose a novel Anchor-Captioner method. Specifically, we first find the important tokens which are supposed to be paid more attention to and consider them as anchors. Then, for each chosen anchor, we group its relevant texts to construct the corresponding anchor-centred graph (ACG). Last, based on different ACGs, we conduct multi-view caption generation to improve the content diversity of generated captions. Experimental results show that our method not only achieves SOTA performance but also generates diverse captions to describe images.

Key facts. Cited by 25 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 38 of its 50 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Apr 2021.

Builds on

38 of 50 references.

References · 38

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26 more
  1. 2015A Diversity-Promoting Objective Function for Neural Conversation Modelscited by 1,077
  2. 2014Show and Tell: A Neural Image Caption Generatorcited by 879
  3. 2016SPICE: Semantic Propositional Image Caption Evaluationcited by 824
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Cited by year (2026 to 14 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 8; 2023: 2; 2024: 5; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.

25 papers.

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  1. 2022GIT: A Generative Image-to-text Transformer for Vision and Languagecited by 537
  2. 2022Efficient Test-Time Model Adaptation without Forgettingcited by 469
  3. 2022Multimodal Learning with Transformers: A Surveycited by 400
  4. 2021From Show to Tell: A Survey on Deep Learning-based Image Captioningcited by 138
  5. 2022Towards End-to-End Unified Scene Text Detection and Layout Analysiscited by 97
  6. 2021Let there be a clock on the beach: Reducing Object Hallucination in Image Captioningcited by 76
  7. 2021MAGIC: Multimodal relAtional Graph adversarIal inferenCe for Diverse and Unpaired Text-based Image Captioningcited by 27
  8. 2021Exploiting Cross-Modal Prediction and Relation Consistency for Semi-Supervised Image Captioningcited by 23
  9. 2022GSRFormer: Grounded Situation Recognition Transformer with Alternate Semantic Attention Refinementcited by 20
  10. 2024Uncertainty-Calibrated Test-Time Model Adaptation without Forgettingcited by 20
  11. 2024Ultrasound Report Generation with Cross-Modality Feature Alignment via Unsupervised Guidancecited by 17
  12. 2022A Self-Guided Framework for Radiology Report Generationcited by 15
13 more
  1. 2023Towards Models that Can See and Readcited by 15
  2. 2022Improving Radiology Summarization with Radiograph and Anatomy Promptscited by 4
  3. 2023DEVICE: Depth and Visual Concepts Aware Transformer for OCR-based Image Captioningcited by 3
  4. 2024CAPEEN: Image Captioning with Early Exits and Knowledge Distillationcited by 3
  5. 2025Multiple Choice Learning of Low-Rank Adapters for Language Modelingcited by 2
  6. 2022Towards Practicality of Sketch-Based Visual Understandingcited by 1
  7. 2024Surveying the Landscape of Image Captioning Evaluation: A Comprehensive Taxonomy, Trends and Metrics Analysiscited by 1
  8. 2024Semi-Supervised Image Captioning Considering Wasserstein Graph Matchingcited by 0
  9. 2025Image Embedding Sampling Method for Diverse Captioningcited by 0
  10. 2025LLaMA-XR: A Novel Framework for Radiology Report Generation using LLaMA and QLoRA Fine Tuningcited by 0
  11. 2025TSalV360: A Method and Dataset for Text-driven Saliency Detection in 360-Degrees Videoscited by 0
  12. 2025MSAM: Multi-Semantic Adaptive Mining for Cross-Modal Drone Video-Text Retrievalcited by 0
  13. 2026The Language of Touch: Translating Vibrations into Text with Dual-Branch Learningcited by 0