mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

DVMark: A Deep Multiscale Framework for Video Watermarking

arXiv 2104.12734 ↗First posted 26 Apr 2021cs.MMcited by 42

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Abstract (arXiv)

Video watermarking embeds a message into a cover video in an imperceptible manner, which can be retrieved even if the video undergoes certain modifications or distortions. Traditional watermarking methods are often manually designed for particular types of distortions and thus cannot simultaneously handle a broad spectrum of distortions. To this end, we propose a robust deep learning-based solution for video watermarking that is end-to-end trainable. Our model consists of a novel multiscale design where the watermarks are distributed across multiple spatial-temporal scales. It gains robustness against various distortions through a differentiable distortion layer, whereas non-differentiable distortions, such as popular video compression standards, are modeled by a differentiable proxy. Extensive evaluations on a wide variety of distortions show that our method outperforms traditional video watermarking methods as well as deep image watermarking models by a large margin. We further demonstrate the practicality of our method on a realistic video-editing application.

Key facts. Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 26 Apr 2021.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 2; 2023: 4; 2024: 11; 2025: 12; 2026: 12.

42 papers.

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  1. 2024RingID: Rethinking Tree-Ring Watermarking for Enhanced Multi-Key Identificationcited by 87
  2. 2024Video Seal: Open and Efficient Video Watermarkingcited by 45
  3. 2024SoK: Watermarking for AI-Generated Contentcited by 43
  4. 2022StegaNeRF: Embedding Invisible Information within Neural Radiance Fieldscited by 32
  5. 2025VideoShield: Regulating Diffusion-based Video Generation Models via Watermarkingcited by 32
  6. 2024V2A-Mark: Versatile Deep Visual-Audio Watermarking for Manipulation Localization and Copyright Protectioncited by 27
  7. 2024GS-Hider: Hiding Messages into 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 26
  8. 2024WateRF: Robust Watermarks in Radiance Fields for Protection of Copyrightscited by 25
  9. 2021Data Hiding with Deep Learning: A Survey Unifying Digital Watermarking and Steganographycited by 23
  10. 2024GuardSplat: Efficient and Robust Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 18
  11. 2025VideoMark: A Distortion-Free Robust Watermarking Framework for Video Diffusion Modelscited by 16
  12. 2025SecureGS: Boosting the Security and Fidelity of 3D Gaussian Splatting Steganographycited by 14
30 more
  1. 2025Pixel Seal: Adversarial-only training for invisible image and video watermarkingcited by 14
  2. 2025Yuan: Yielding Unblemished Aesthetics Through A Unified Network for Visual Imperfections Removal in Generated Imagescited by 13
  3. 2025Survey on AI-Generated Media Detection: From Non-MLLM to MLLMcited by 12
  4. 2024Steganalysis on Digital Watermarking: Is Your Defense Truly Impervious?cited by 10
  5. 2025Safe-Sora: Safe Text-to-Video Generation via Graphical Watermarkingcited by 9
  6. 2024LVMark: Robust Watermark for Latent Video Diffusion Modelscited by 8
  7. 2025GS-Marker: Generalizable and Robust Watermarking for 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 6
  8. 2025On the Coexistence and Ensembling of Watermarkscited by 3
  9. 2025RobustSora: De-Watermarked Benchmark for Robust AI-Generated Video Detectioncited by 3
  10. 2022A DTCWT-SVD Based Video Watermarking resistant to frame rate conversioncited by 2
  11. 2024Splats in Splats: Robust and Effective 3D Steganography towards Gaussian Splattingcited by 2
  12. 2026SIGMark: Scalable In-Generation Watermark with Blind Extraction for Video Diffusioncited by 2
  13. 2023Building an Invisible Shield for Your Portrait against Deepfakescited by 1
  14. 2024SLIC: Secure Learned Image Codec through Compressed Domain Watermarking to Defend Image Manipulationcited by 1
  15. 2025VIDSTAMP: A Temporally-Aware Watermark for Ownership and Integrity in Video Diffusion Modelscited by 1
  16. 2026Unifying Watermarking via Dimension-Aware Mappingcited by 1
  17. 2026SKeDA: A Generative Watermarking Framework for Text-to-video Diffusion Modelscited by 1
  18. 2026SWIFT: Sliding Window Reconstruction for Few-Shot Training-Free Generated Video Attributioncited by 1
  19. 2026Compositional Adversarial Training for Robust Visual Watermarkingcited by 1
  20. 2026Learning Probabilistic Embeddings for Unsupervised Action Segmentationcited by 1
  21. 2023ReMark: Receptive Field based Spatial WaterMark Embedding Optimization using Deep Networkcited by 0
  22. 2023Image Data Hiding in Neural Compressed Latent Representationscited by 0
  23. 2023Robust Image Watermarking based on Cross-Attention and Invariant Domain Learningcited by 0
  24. 2025PoLO: Proof-of-Learning and Proof-of-Ownership at Once with Chained Watermarkingcited by 0
  25. 2026mAVE: A Watermark for Joint Audio-Visual Generation Modelscited by 0
  26. 2026Splats in Splats++: Robust and Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting Steganographycited by 0
  27. 2026GIFGuard: Proactive Forensics against Deepfakes in Facial GIFs via Spatiotemporal Watermarkingcited by 0
  28. 2026Retrieval-Driven Training-Free AI-Generated Video Attributioncited by 0
  29. 2026Asymmetric Phase Coding Video Watermarkingcited by 0
  30. 2026An Efficient and Effective Watermarking Scheme for the Protection of the Intellectual Property Rights of Video Generative Modelscited by 0