mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

LeBenchmark: A Reproducible Framework for Assessing Self-Supervised Representation Learning from Speech

arXiv 2104.11462 ↗First posted 23 Apr 2021cs.CL cs.SD eess.AScited by 46

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Abstract (arXiv)

Self-Supervised Learning (SSL) using huge unlabeled data has been successfully explored for image and natural language processing. Recent works also investigated SSL from speech. They were notably successful to improve performance on downstream tasks such as automatic speech recognition (ASR). While these works suggest it is possible to reduce dependence on labeled data for building efficient speech systems, their evaluation was mostly made on ASR and using multiple and heterogeneous experimental settings (most of them for English). This questions the objective comparison of SSL approaches and the evaluation of their impact on building speech systems. In this paper, we propose LeBenchmark: a reproducible framework for assessing SSL from speech. It not only includes ASR (high and low resource) tasks but also spoken language understanding, speech translation and emotion recognition. We also focus on speech technologies in a language different than English: French. SSL models of different sizes are trained from carefully sourced and documented datasets. Experiments show that SSL is beneficial for most but not all tasks which confirms the need for exhaustive and reliable benchmarks to evaluate its real impact. LeBenchmark is shared with the scientific community for reproducible research in SSL from speech.

Key facts. Cited by 46 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 26 of its 53 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 23 Apr 2021.

Builds on

26 of 53 references.

References · 26

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  5. 2020wav2vec 2.0: A Framework for Self-Supervised Learning of Speech Representationscited by 3,853
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  12. 2020Unsupervised Cross-lingual Representation Learning for Speech Recognitioncited by 496
14 more
  1. 2020MLS: A Large-Scale Multilingual Dataset for Speech Researchcited by 467
  2. 2021VoxPopuli: A Large-Scale Multilingual Speech Corpus for Representation Learning, Semi-Supervised Learning and Interpretationcited by 455
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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 14; 2023: 14; 2024: 7; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.

46 papers.

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  1. 2022Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning: A Reviewcited by 258
  2. 2021DistilHuBERT: Speech Representation Learning by Layer-wise Distillation of Hidden-unit BERTcited by 129
  3. 2023Dynamic-SUPERB: Towards A Dynamic, Collaborative, and Comprehensive Instruction-Tuning Benchmark for Speechcited by 99
  4. 2025Full-Duplex-Bench: A Benchmark to Evaluate Full-duplex Spoken Dialogue Models on Turn-taking Capabilitiescited by 94
  5. 2022SUPERB-SG: Enhanced Speech processing Universal PERformance Benchmark for Semantic and Generative Capabilitiescited by 76
  6. 2023ML-SUPERB: Multilingual Speech Universal PERformance Benchmarkcited by 70
  7. 2022Audio Self-supervised Learning: A Surveycited by 65
  8. 2024A Large-Scale Evaluation of Speech Foundation Modelscited by 38
  9. 2021Fine-tuning wav2vec2 for speaker recognitioncited by 35
  10. 2022SLUE Phase-2: A Benchmark Suite of Diverse Spoken Language Understanding Taskscited by 34
  11. 2022SpeechCLIP: Integrating Speech with Pre-Trained Vision and Language Modelcited by 29
  12. 2023Speech Self-Supervised Representation Benchmarking: Are We Doing it Right?cited by 28
34 more
  1. 2022SUPERB @ SLT 2022: Challenge on Generalization and Efficiency of Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learningcited by 26
  2. 2023Self-supervised Fine-tuning for Improved Content Representations by Speaker-invariant Clusteringcited by 21
  3. 2023LeBenchmark 2.0: a Standardized, Replicable and Enhanced Framework for Self-supervised Representations of French Speechcited by 17
  4. 2023Speech Self-Supervised Representations Benchmarking: a Case for Larger Probing Headscited by 16
  5. 2022A Study of Gender Impact in Self-supervised Models for Speech-to-Text Systemscited by 14
  6. 2024Benchmarking Representations for Speech, Music, and Acoustic Eventscited by 14
  7. 2023Homophone Disambiguation Reveals Patterns of Context Mixing in Speech Transformerscited by 13
  8. 2024SpeechPrompt: Prompting Speech Language Models for Speech Processing Taskscited by 12
  9. 2021Where are we in semantic concept extraction for Spoken Language Understanding?cited by 11
  10. 2022End-to-end model for named entity recognition from speech without paired training datacited by 11
  11. 2023Findings of the 2023 ML-SUPERB Challenge: Pre-Training and Evaluation over More Languages and Beyondcited by 10
  12. 2021Pretext Tasks selection for multitask self-supervised speech representation learningcited by 7
  13. 2023Federated Learning for ASR based on Wav2vec 2.0cited by 7
  14. 2022MTI-Net: A Multi-Target Speech Intelligibility Prediction Modelcited by 6
  15. 2022ON-TRAC Consortium Systems for the IWSLT 2022 Dialect and Low-resource Speech Translation Taskscited by 6
  16. 2024SKILL: Similarity-aware Knowledge distILLation for Speech Self-Supervised Learningcited by 4
  17. 2021Are E2E ASR models ready for an industrial usage?cited by 3
  18. 2022Toward Low-Cost End-to-End Spoken Language Understandingcited by 3
  19. 2023Exploring Attention Mechanisms for Multimodal Emotion Recognition in an Emergency Call Center Corpuscited by 3
  20. 2025TS-SUPERB: A Target Speech Processing Benchmark for Speech Self-Supervised Learning Modelscited by 3
  21. 2024What has LeBenchmark Learnt about French Syntax?cited by 2
  22. 2024New Semantic Task for the French Spoken Language Understanding MEDIA Benchmarkcited by 2
  23. 2026Pantagruel: Unified Self-Supervised Encoders for French Text and Speechcited by 2
  24. 2026A Comprehensive Analysis of Tokenization and Self-Supervised Learning in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognition applied on French Languagecited by 2
  25. 2022Training speaker recognition systems with limited datacited by 1
  26. 2022Cross-domain Voice Activity Detection with Self-Supervised Representationscited by 1
  27. 2023Efficiency-oriented approaches for self-supervised speech representation learningcited by 1
  28. 2025Evaluation of Deep Audio Representations for Hearablescited by 1
  29. 2026LoASR-Bench: Evaluating Large Speech Language Models on Low-Resource Automatic Speech Recognition Across Language Familiescited by 1
  30. 2022Vers la compr'ehension automatique de la parole bout-en-bout `a moindre effortcited by 0
  31. 2023Automatic Data Augmentation for Domain Adapted Fine-Tuning of Self-Supervised Speech Representationscited by 0
  32. 2023Multiscale Contextual Learning for Speech Emotion Recognition in Emergency Call Center Conversationscited by 0
  33. 2023HuBERTopic: Enhancing Semantic Representation of HuBERT through Self-supervision Utilizing Topic Modelcited by 0
  34. 2024Textless Dependency Parsing by Labeled Sequence Predictioncited by 0