Panoptic-PolarNet: Proposal-free LiDAR Point Cloud Panoptic Segmentation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Panoptic segmentation presents a new challenge in exploiting the merits of both detection and segmentation, with the aim of unifying instance segmentation and semantic segmentation in a single framework. However, an efficient solution for panoptic segmentation in the emerging domain of LiDAR point cloud is still an open research problem and is very much under-explored. In this paper, we present a fast and robust LiDAR point cloud panoptic segmentation framework, referred to as Panoptic-PolarNet. We learn both semantic segmentation and class-agnostic instance clustering in a single inference network using a polar Bird's Eye View (BEV) representation, enabling us to circumvent the issue of occlusion among instances in urban street scenes. To improve our network's learnability, we also propose an adapted instance augmentation technique and a novel adversarial point cloud pruning method. Our experiments show that Panoptic-PolarNet outperforms the baseline methods on SemanticKITTI and nuScenes datasets with an almost real-time inference speed. Panoptic-PolarNet achieved 54.1% PQ in the public SemanticKITTI panoptic segmentation leaderboard and leading performance for the validation set of nuScenes.
Key facts. Cited by 107 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). Builds on 51 of its 62 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 27 Mar 2021.
Builds on
51 of 62 references.
References · 51
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38 more
- 2018PointRCNN: 3D Object Proposal Generation and Detection from Point Cloudcited by 941
- 2019PV-RCNN: Point-Voxel Feature Set Abstraction for 3D Object Detectioncited by 891
- 2018Panoptic Segmentationcited by 802
- 2019Deep Hough Voting for 3D Object Detection in Point Cloudscited by 648
- 2017Frustum PointNets for 3D Object Detection from RGB-D Datacited by 640
- 2019RandLA-Net: Efficient Semantic Segmentation of Large-Scale Point Cloudscited by 585
- 2019Importance Estimation for Neural Network Pruningcited by 541
- 2018Pseudo-LiDAR from Visual Depth Estimation: Bridging the Gap in 3D Object Detection for Autonomous Drivingcited by 457
- 2020Searching Efficient 3D Architectures with Sparse Point-Voxel Convolutioncited by 423
- 2019Panoptic-DeepLabcited by 363
- 2019PIXOR: Real-time 3D Object Detection from Point Cloudscited by 358
- 2019Class-balanced Grouping and Sampling for Point Cloud 3D Object Detectioncited by 350
- 2020PolarNet: An Improved Grid Representation for Online LiDAR Point Clouds Semantic Segmentationcited by 275
- 2018DropBlock: A regularization method for convolutional networkscited by 262
- 2017SqueezeSeg: Convolutional Neural Nets with Recurrent CRF for Real-Time Road-Object Segmentation from 3D LiDAR Point Cloudcited by 232
- 2018SqueezeSegV2: Improved Model Structure and Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Road-Object Segmentation from a LiDAR Point Cloudcited by 228
- 2020SalsaNext: Fast, Uncertainty-aware Semantic Segmentation of LiDAR Point Clouds for Autonomous Drivingcited by 226
- 2020A2D2: Audi Autonomous Driving Datasetcited by 190
- 2019UPSNet: A Unified Panoptic Segmentation Networkcited by 175
- 2019End-to-End Multi-View Fusion for 3D Object Detection in LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 171
- 2017Semantic Instance Segmentation with a Discriminative Loss Functioncited by 118
- 2019Seamless Scene Segmentationcited by 112
- 2020EfficientPS: Efficient Panoptic Segmentationcited by 111
- 2019Associatively Segmenting Instances and Semantics in Point Cloudscited by 86
- 2019SSAP: Single-Shot Instance Segmentation With Affinity Pyramidcited by 85
- 20193D Instance Segmentation via Multi-Task Metric Learningcited by 80
- 2018Attention-guided Unified Network for Panoptic Segmentationcited by 71
- 2019What You See is What You Get: Exploiting Visibility for 3D Object Detectioncited by 69
- 2019DeeperLab: Single-Shot Image Parsercited by 63
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- 2020MOPT: Multi-Object Panoptic Trackingcited by 53
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- 2020Panoster: End-to-end Panoptic Segmentation of LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 46
- 2020A Benchmark for LiDAR-based Panoptic Segmentation based on KITTIcited by 40
- 2020Bidirectional Graph Reasoning Network for Panoptic Segmentationcited by 26
- 2020BANet: Bidirectional Aggregation Network with Occlusion Handling for Panoptic Segmentationcited by 25
- 2020Quantifying Data Augmentation for LiDAR based 3D Object Detectioncited by 18
50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 16; 2023: 29; 2024: 25; 2025: 22; 2026: 8.
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- 2022Panoptic Lifting for 3D Scene Understanding with Neural Fieldscited by 174
- 2021Panoptic nuScenes: A Large-Scale Benchmark for LiDAR Panoptic Segmentation and Trackingcited by 166
- 2023Rethinking Range View Representation for LiDAR Segmentationcited by 128
- 2023Segment Any Point Cloud Sequences by Distilling Vision Foundation Modelscited by 125
- 2023Transformer-Based Visual Segmentation: A Surveycited by 124
- 2023PanoOcc: Unified Occupancy Representation for Camera-based 3D Panoptic Segmentationcited by 115
- 2022CenterFormer: Center-based Transformer for 3D Object Detectioncited by 99
- 2024OccSora: 4D Occupancy Generation Models as World Simulators for Autonomous Drivingcited by 78
- 2023SSCBench: A Large-Scale 3D Semantic Scene Completion Benchmark for Autonomous Drivingcited by 75
- 2022LidarMultiNet: Towards a Unified Multi-Task Network for LiDAR Perceptioncited by 74
- 2023MSeg3D: Multi-modal 3D Semantic Segmentation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 68
- 2022Panoptic-PHNet: Towards Real-Time and High-Precision LiDAR Panoptic Segmentation via Clustering Pseudo Heatmapcited by 59
38 more
- 2023UniSeg: A Unified Multi-Modal LiDAR Segmentation Network and the OpenPCSeg Codebasecited by 57
- 2024Multi-Modal Data-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding for Autonomous Drivingcited by 54
- 2023FRNet: Frustum-Range Networks for Scalable LiDAR Segmentationcited by 50
- 2024Better Call SAL: Towards Learning to Segment Anything in Lidarcited by 47
- 20224D-StOP: Panoptic Segmentation of 4D LiDAR using Spatio-temporal Object Proposal Generation and Aggregationcited by 35
- 2024SegPoint: Segment Any Point Cloud via Large Language Modelcited by 35
- 20244D Contrastive Superflows are Dense 3D Representation Learnerscited by 33
- 2025Rethinking End-to-End 2D to 3D Scene Segmentation in Gaussian Splattingcited by 31
- 2023SSC-RS: Elevate LiDAR Semantic Scene Completion with Representation Separation and BEV Fusioncited by 30
- 2024Is Your LiDAR Placement Optimized for 3D Scene Understanding?cited by 26
- 2024Multi-Space Alignments Towards Universal LiDAR Segmentationcited by 25
- 2023Advancements in Point Cloud Data Augmentation for Deep Learning: A Surveycited by 24
- 2023Mask4Former: Mask Transformer for 4D Panoptic Segmentationcited by 24
- 2022Sparse Cross-scale Attention Network for Efficient LiDAR Panoptic Segmentationcited by 22
- 20234D Panoptic Segmentation as Invariant and Equivariant Field Predictioncited by 19
- 2025LiMoE: Mixture of LiDAR Representation Learners from Automotive Scenescited by 19
- 2021PolarStream: Streaming Lidar Object Detection and Segmentation with Polar Pillarscited by 18
- 2021Panoptic Segmentation: A Reviewcited by 18
- 2023LiDAR-Camera Panoptic Segmentation via Geometry-Consistent and Semantic-Aware Alignmentcited by 18
- 2022Uncertainty-aware Panoptic Segmentationcited by 17
- 2023Position-Guided Point Cloud Panoptic Segmentation Transformercited by 17
- 2024PLGS: Robust Panoptic Lifting with 3D Gaussian Splattingcited by 17
- 2023PUPS: Point Cloud Unified Panoptic Segmentationcited by 16
- 2024PCF-Lift: Panoptic Lifting by Probabilistic Contrastive Fusioncited by 16
- 2025PanoGS: Gaussian-based Panoptic Segmentation for 3D Open Vocabulary Scene Understandingcited by 16
- 2022MaskRange: A Mask-classification Model for Range-view based LiDAR Segmentationcited by 15
- 2022Scalable SoftGroup for 3D Instance Segmentation on Point Cloudscited by 15
- 2021CPSeg: Cluster-free Panoptic Segmentation of 3D LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 14
- 2022Online Segmentation of LiDAR Sequences: Dataset and Algorithmcited by 14
- 20224DenoiseNet: Adverse Weather Denoising from Adjacent Point Cloudscited by 14
- 2023MemorySeg: Online LiDAR Semantic Segmentation with a Latent Memorycited by 14
- 2024Scalable 3D Panoptic Segmentation As Superpoint Graph Clusteringcited by 14
- 20243D Open-Vocabulary Panoptic Segmentation with 2D-3D Vision-Language Distillationcited by 13
- 20234D-Former: Multimodal 4D Panoptic Segmentationcited by 12
- 2025LargeAD: Large-Scale Cross-Sensor Data Pretraining for Autonomous Drivingcited by 12
- 2021SMAC-Seg: LiDAR Panoptic Segmentation via Sparse Multi-directional Attention Clusteringcited by 11
- 2022LiDAR-based 4D Panoptic Segmentation via Dynamic Shifting Networkcited by 11
- 2024Symbol as Points: Panoptic Symbol Spotting via Point-based Representationcited by 11
50 most cited of 107 All 107 (JSON)
- 2026AquaBEV: Monocular Underwater BEV Occupancy with 3D Sonar Supervision3 Sep 2026
- 2026Semantic Occupancy Prediction with Dual Range-Voxel Representation30 Jun 2026
- 2026GeoISF: Instance Semantic Forest Inspired Large-Scale Cross-View Geo-Localization via Ground LiDAR-to-Satellite Image17 Jun 2026
- 2026OmniLiDAR: A Unified Diffusion Framework for Multi-Domain 3D LiDAR Generation13 May 2026
- 2026UniD-Shift: Towards Unified Semantic Segmentation via Interpretable Share-Private Multimodal Decomposition8 May 2026
- 2026PanDA: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multimodal 3D Panoptic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving21 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Foundation Models for 3D Scene Understanding: Instance-Aware Self-Supervised Learning for Point Clouds26 Mar 2026
- 2026UP-Fuse: Uncertainty-guided LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Panoptic Segmentation22 Feb 2026
- 2025Training-Free Global Geometric Association for 4D LiDAR Panoptic Segmentation22 Dec 2025
- 2025SLIM-VDB: A Real-Time 3D Probabilistic Semantic Mapping Framework15 Dec 2025
- 2025U4D: Uncertainty-Aware 4D World Modeling from LiDAR Sequences2 Dec 2025
- 2025Domain Adaptation-Based Crossmodal Knowledge Distillation for 3D Semantic Segmentation30 Aug 2025
38 more
- 2025SemRaFiner: Panoptic Segmentation in Sparse and Noisy Radar Point Clouds9 Jul 2025
- 2025Beyond One Shot, Beyond One Perspective: Cross-View and Long-Horizon Distillation for Better LiDAR Representations7 Jul 2025
- 2025Open-Set LiDAR Panoptic Segmentation Guided by Uncertainty-Aware Learning16 Jun 2025
- 2025NUC-Net: Non-uniform Cylindrical Partition Network for Efficient LiDAR Semantic Segmentation30 May 2025
- 2025How Do Images Align and Complement LiDAR? Towards a Harmonized Multi-modal 3D Panoptic Segmentation25 May 2025
- 2025SRMamba: Mamba for Super-Resolution of LiDAR Point Clouds15 May 2025
- 2025Camera-Only 3D Panoptic Scene Completion for Autonomous Driving through Differentiable Object Shapes14 May 2025
- 2025Zero-Shot 4D Lidar Panoptic Segmentation1 Apr 2025
- 2025SALT: A Flexible Semi-Automatic Labeling Tool for General LiDAR Point Clouds with Cross-Scene Adaptability and 4D Consistency31 Mar 2025
- 2025Enhanced Spatiotemporal Consistency for Image-to-LiDAR Data Pretraining25 Mar 2025
- 2025PanoGS: Gaussian-based Panoptic Segmentation for 3D Open Vocabulary Scene Understanding23 Mar 2025
- 2025Rethinking End-to-End 2D to 3D Scene Segmentation in Gaussian Splatting18 Mar 2025
- 2025Is clustering enough for LiDAR instance segmentation? A state-of-the-art training-free baseline17 Mar 2025
- 20253D Hierarchical Panoptic Segmentation in Real Orchard Environments Across Different Sensors17 Mar 2025
- 2025Label-Efficient LiDAR Panoptic Segmentation4 Mar 2025
- 2025Deflickering Vision-Based Occupancy Networks through Lightweight Spatio-Temporal Correlation21 Feb 2025
- 2025LargeAD: Large-Scale Cross-Sensor Data Pretraining for Autonomous Driving7 Jan 2025
- 2025LiMoE: Mixture of LiDAR Representation Learners from Automotive Scenes7 Jan 2025
- 2024Is Contrastive Distillation Enough for Learning Comprehensive 3D Representations?12 Dec 2024
- 2024Robust 3D Semantic Occupancy Prediction with Calibration-free Spatial Transformation19 Nov 2024
- 2024Efficient 3D Perception on Multi-Sweep Point Cloud with Gumbel Spatial Pruning12 Nov 2024
- 2024PLGS: Robust Panoptic Lifting with 3D Gaussian Splatting23 Oct 2024
- 2024PCF-Lift: Panoptic Lifting by Probabilistic Contrastive Fusion14 Oct 2024
- 2024Interactive4D: Interactive 4D LiDAR Segmentation10 Oct 2024
- 2024Lidar Panoptic Segmentation in an Open World22 Sep 2024
- 2024PolarBEVDet: Exploring Polar Representation for Multi-View 3D Object Detection in Bird's-Eye-View29 Aug 2024
- 2024Text3DAug -- Prompted Instance Augmentation for LiDAR Perception26 Aug 2024
- 2024Accelerating Point Cloud Ground Segmentation: From Mechanical to Solid-State Lidars19 Aug 2024
- 2024SegPoint: Segment Any Point Cloud via Large Language Model18 Jul 2024
- 20244D Contrastive Superflows are Dense 3D Representation Learners8 Jul 2024
- 2024SegNet4D: Efficient Instance-Aware 4D Semantic Segmentation for LiDAR Point Cloud24 Jun 2024
- 2024OccSora: 4D Occupancy Generation Models as World Simulators for Autonomous Driving30 May 2024
- 2024Building a Strong Pre-Training Baseline for Universal 3D Large-Scale Perception12 May 2024
- 2024Multi-Modal Data-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding for Autonomous Driving8 May 2024
- 2024Multi-Space Alignments Towards Universal LiDAR Segmentation2 May 2024
- 2024Calib3D: Calibrating Model Preferences for Reliable 3D Scene Understanding25 Mar 2024
- 2024Is Your LiDAR Placement Optimized for 3D Scene Understanding?25 Mar 2024
- 2024AutoInst: Automatic Instance-Based Segmentation of LiDAR 3D Scans24 Mar 2024
50 newest of 107 All 107 (JSON)
- 2025SRMamba: Mamba for Super-Resolution of LiDAR Point Clouds15 May 2025
- 2022Panoptic Lifting for 3D Scene Understanding with Neural Fieldscited by 174
- 2021Panoptic nuScenes: A Large-Scale Benchmark for LiDAR Panoptic Segmentation and Trackingcited by 166
- 2023Segment Any Point Cloud Sequences by Distilling Vision Foundation Modelscited by 125
- 2023Transformer-Based Visual Segmentation: A Surveycited by 124
- 2023PanoOcc: Unified Occupancy Representation for Camera-based 3D Panoptic Segmentationcited by 115
- 2022CenterFormer: Center-based Transformer for 3D Object Detectioncited by 99
- 2023SSCBench: A Large-Scale 3D Semantic Scene Completion Benchmark for Autonomous Drivingcited by 75
- 2022LidarMultiNet: Towards a Unified Multi-Task Network for LiDAR Perceptioncited by 74
- 2023MSeg3D: Multi-modal 3D Semantic Segmentation for Autonomous Drivingcited by 68
- 2022Panoptic-PHNet: Towards Real-Time and High-Precision LiDAR Panoptic Segmentation via Clustering Pseudo Heatmapcited by 59
- 2023UniSeg: A Unified Multi-Modal LiDAR Segmentation Network and the OpenPCSeg Codebasecited by 57
- 2024Multi-Modal Data-Efficient 3D Scene Understanding for Autonomous Drivingcited by 54
12 most cited of 99 All 99 (JSON)
- 2026AquaBEV: Monocular Underwater BEV Occupancy with 3D Sonar Supervision3 Sep 2026
- 2026Semantic Occupancy Prediction with Dual Range-Voxel Representation30 Jun 2026
- 2026GeoISF: Instance Semantic Forest Inspired Large-Scale Cross-View Geo-Localization via Ground LiDAR-to-Satellite Image17 Jun 2026
- 2026UniD-Shift: Towards Unified Semantic Segmentation via Interpretable Share-Private Multimodal Decomposition8 May 2026
- 2026PanDA: Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Multimodal 3D Panoptic Segmentation in Autonomous Driving21 Apr 2026
- 2026Towards Foundation Models for 3D Scene Understanding: Instance-Aware Self-Supervised Learning for Point Clouds26 Mar 2026
- 2026UP-Fuse: Uncertainty-guided LiDAR-Camera Fusion for 3D Panoptic Segmentation22 Feb 2026
- 2025Training-Free Global Geometric Association for 4D LiDAR Panoptic Segmentation22 Dec 2025
- 2025SLIM-VDB: A Real-Time 3D Probabilistic Semantic Mapping Framework15 Dec 2025
- 2025SemRaFiner: Panoptic Segmentation in Sparse and Noisy Radar Point Clouds9 Jul 2025
- 2025Beyond One Shot, Beyond One Perspective: Cross-View and Long-Horizon Distillation for Better LiDAR Representations7 Jul 2025
- 2025Open-Set LiDAR Panoptic Segmentation Guided by Uncertainty-Aware Learning16 Jun 2025
12 newest of 99 All 99 (JSON)