Detecting Inappropriate Messages on Sensitive Topics that Could Harm a Company's Reputation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Not all topics are equally "flammable" in terms of toxicity: a calm discussion of turtles or fishing less often fuels inappropriate toxic dialogues than a discussion of politics or sexual minorities. We define a set of sensitive topics that can yield inappropriate and toxic messages and describe the methodology of collecting and labeling a dataset for appropriateness. While toxicity in user-generated data is well-studied, we aim at defining a more fine-grained notion of inappropriateness. The core of inappropriateness is that it can harm the reputation of a speaker. This is different from toxicity in two respects: (i) inappropriateness is topic-related, and (ii) inappropriate message is not toxic but still unacceptable. We collect and release two datasets for Russian: a topic-labeled dataset and an appropriateness-labeled dataset. We also release pre-trained classification models trained on this data.
Key facts. Cited by 6 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 10 of its 23 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 9 Mar 2021.
Builds on
10 of 23 references.
References · 10
- 2017Automated Hate Speech Detection and the Problem of Offensive Languagecited by 724
- 2019Predicting the Type and Target of Offensive Posts in Social Mediacited by 268
- 2020On the Stability of Fine-tuning BERT: Misconceptions, Explanations, and Strong Baselinescited by 254
- 2018Reducing Gender Bias in Abusive Language Detectioncited by 152
- 2019Multilingual and Multi-Aspect Hate Speech Analysiscited by 133
- 2017Understanding Abuse: A Typology of Abusive Language Detection Subtaskscited by 115
- 2019Adaptation of Deep Bidirectional Multilingual Transformers for Russian Languagecited by 109
- 2020Demoting Racial Bias in Hate Speech Detectioncited by 62
- 2020Demographics Should Not Be the Reason of Toxicity: Mitigating Discrimination in Text Classifications with Instance Weightingcited by 41
- 2019Something's Brewing! Early Prediction of Controversy-causing Posts from Discussion Featurescited by 21
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 1; 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
6 papers.
- 2021Text Detoxification using Large Pre-trained Neural Modelscited by 52
- 2023A Family of Pretrained Transformer Language Models for Russiancited by 27
- 2024The Russian-focused embedders' exploration: ruMTEB benchmark and Russian embedding model designcited by 20
- 2024RuBia: A Russian Language Bias Detection Datasetcited by 4
- 2022Beyond Plain Toxic: Detection of Inappropriate Statements on Flammable Topics for the Russian Languagecited by 1
- 2026Which Values Do LLMs Confuse? A Schwartz-Based Recognition Studycited by 0
- 2026Which Values Do LLMs Confuse? A Schwartz-Based Recognition Study22 Jul 2026
- 2024The Russian-focused embedders' exploration: ruMTEB benchmark and Russian embedding model design22 Aug 2024
- 2024RuBia: A Russian Language Bias Detection Dataset26 Mar 2024
- 2023A Family of Pretrained Transformer Language Models for Russian19 Sep 2023
- 2022Beyond Plain Toxic: Detection of Inappropriate Statements on Flammable Topics for the Russian Language4 Mar 2022
- 2021Text Detoxification using Large Pre-trained Neural Models18 Sep 2021