Last Query Transformer RNN for knowledge tracing
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Abstract (arXiv)
This paper presents an efficient model to predict a student's answer correctness given his past learning activities. Basically, I use both transformer encoder and RNN to deal with time series input. The novel point of the model is that it only uses the last input as query in transformer encoder, instead of all sequence, which makes QK matrix multiplication in transformer Encoder to have O(L) time complexity, instead of O(L^2). It allows the model to input longer sequence. Using this model I achieved the 1st place in the 'Riiid! Answer Correctness Prediction' competition hosted on kaggle.
Key facts. Cited by 5 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 9 of its 9 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 10 Feb 2021.
Builds on
9 of 9 references.
References · 9
- 2017Attention Is All You Needcited by 59,932
- 2015Deep Knowledge Tracingcited by 328
- 2020Context-Aware Attentive Knowledge Tracingcited by 172
- 2019A Self-Attentive model for Knowledge Tracingcited by 169
- 2019EKT: Exercise-aware Knowledge Tracing for Student Performance Predictioncited by 109
- 2019EdNet: A Large-Scale Hierarchical Dataset in Educationcited by 106
- 2020Towards an Appropriate Query, Key, and Value Computation for Knowledge Tracingcited by 79
- 2020SAINT+: Integrating Temporal Features for EdNet Correctness Predictioncited by 57
- 2019Creating A Neural Pedagogical Agent by Jointly Learning to Review and Assesscited by 6
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2023: 2; 2024: 1; 2025: 2.
5 papers.
- 2023Multi-granulariy Time-based Transformer for Knowledge Tracingcited by 1
- 2024Integrating LSTM and BERT for Long-Sequence Data Analysis in Intelligent Tutoring Systemscited by 1
- 2023Improved Sales Forecasting using Trend and Seasonality Decomposition with LightGBMcited by 0
- 2025Improving Question Embeddings with Cognitive Representation Optimization for Knowledge Tracingcited by 0
- 2025Dynamic Programming Techniques for Enhancing Cognitive Representation in Knowledge Tracingcited by 0
- 2025Dynamic Programming Techniques for Enhancing Cognitive Representation in Knowledge Tracing3 Jun 2025
- 2025Improving Question Embeddings with Cognitive Representation Optimization for Knowledge Tracing5 Apr 2025
- 2024Integrating LSTM and BERT for Long-Sequence Data Analysis in Intelligent Tutoring Systems24 Apr 2024
- 2023Improved Sales Forecasting using Trend and Seasonality Decomposition with LightGBM26 May 2023
- 2023Multi-granulariy Time-based Transformer for Knowledge Tracing11 Apr 2023