mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Towards a Standard Feature Set for Network Intrusion Detection System Datasets

arXiv 2101.11315 ↗First posted 27 Jan 2021cs.NIcited by 40

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Abstract (arXiv)

Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDSs) are important tools for the protection of computer networks against increasingly frequent and sophisticated cyber attacks. Recently, a lot of research effort has been dedicated to the development of Machine Learning (ML) based NIDSs. As in any ML-based application, the availability of high-quality datasets is critical for the training and evaluation of ML-based NIDS. One of the key problems with the currently available datasets is the lack of a standard feature set. The use of a unique and proprietary set of features for each of the publicly available datasets makes it virtually impossible to compare the performance of ML-based traffic classifiers on different datasets, and hence to evaluate the ability of these systems to generalise across different network scenarios. To address that limitation, this paper proposes and evaluates standard NIDS feature sets based on the NetFlow network meta-data collection protocol and system. We evaluate and compare two NetFlow-based feature set variants, a version with 12 features, and another one with 43 features.

Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2021.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 6; 2023: 6; 2024: 10; 2025: 8; 2026: 8.

40 papers.

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  1. 2022Anomal-E: A Self-Supervised Network Intrusion Detection System based on Graph Neural Networkscited by 25
  2. 2023FlowTransformer: A Transformer Framework for Flow-based Network Intrusion Detection Systemscited by 24
  3. 2023Adv-Bot: Realistic Adversarial Botnet Attacks against Network Intrusion Detection Systemscited by 14
  4. 2024Towards Explainable Network Intrusion Detection using Large Language Modelscited by 12
  5. 2022AnoShift: A Distribution Shift Benchmark for Unsupervised Anomaly Detectioncited by 11
  6. 2021Evaluating Standard Feature Sets Towards Increased Generalisability and Explainability of ML-based Network Intrusion Detectioncited by 8
  7. 2022On Generalisability of Machine Learning-based Network Intrusion Detection Systemscited by 8
  8. 2024Applying Self-supervised Learning to Network Intrusion Detection for Network Flows with Graph Neural Networkcited by 7
  9. 2025eX-NIDS: A Framework for Explainable Network Intrusion Detection Leveraging Large Language Modelscited by 5
  10. 2024On the Cross-Dataset Generalization of Machine Learning for Network Intrusion Detectioncited by 4
  11. 2024Survey of Graph Neural Network for Internet of Things and NextG Networkscited by 4
  12. 2022Network Intrusion Detection System in a Light Bulbcited by 3
28 more
  1. 2022Investigation and rectification of NIDS datasets and standardized feature set derivation for network attack detection with graph neural networkscited by 2
  2. 2023Enhancing Trustworthiness in ML-Based Network Intrusion Detection with Uncertainty Quantificationcited by 2
  3. 2023Enhancing IoT Security via Automatic Network Traffic Analysis: The Transition from Machine Learning to Deep Learningcited by 2
  4. 2024PPT-GNN: A Practical Pre-Trained Spatio-Temporal Graph Neural Network for Network Securitycited by 2
  5. 2024A Critical Assessment of Interpretable and Explainable Machine Learning for Intrusion Detectioncited by 2
  6. 2025Temporal Analysis of NetFlow Datasets for Network Intrusion Detection Systemscited by 2
  7. 2025Anomaly-Flow: A Multi-domain Federated Generative Adversarial Network for Distributed Denial-of-Service Detectioncited by 2
  8. 2025Self-Supervised Learning of Graph Representations for Network Intrusion Detectioncited by 2
  9. 2021Improving the Reliability of Network Intrusion Detection Systems through Dataset Integrationcited by 1
  10. 2022DOC-NAD: A Hybrid Deep One-class Classifier for Network Anomaly Detectioncited by 1
  11. 20233D-IDS: Doubly Disentangled Dynamic Intrusion Detectioncited by 1
  12. 2024Integrating Graph Neural Networks with Scattering Transform for Anomaly Detectioncited by 1
  13. 2024MEGA: Message Passing Neural Networks for Multigraphs with EdGe Attributescited by 1
  14. 2024Flow Exporter Impact on Intelligent Intrusion Detection Systemscited by 1
  15. 2025An Evaluation Framework for Network IDS/IPS Datasets: Leveraging MITRE ATT&CK and Industry Relevance Metricscited by 1
  16. 2023BS-GAT Behavior Similarity Based Graph Attention Network for Network Intrusion Detectioncited by 0
  17. 2024NIDS Neural Networks Using Sliding Time Window Data Processing with Trainable Activations and its Generalization Capabilitycited by 0
  18. 2025Anomaly detection in network flows using unsupervised online machine learningcited by 0
  19. 2025Revisiting Network Traffic Analysis: Compatible network flows for ML modelscited by 0
  20. 2025A Comprehensive Study of Supervised Machine Learning Models for Zero-Day Attack Detection: Analyzing Performance on Imbalanced Datacited by 0
  21. 2026Targeted Adversarial Traffic Generation : Black-box Approach to Evade Intrusion Detection Systems in IoT Networkscited by 0
  22. 2026Evaluating Tabular Representation Learning for Network Intrusion Detectioncited by 0
  23. 2026Integration of AI in Cybersecurity: Current Trends with a Focused Look at Intrusion Detection Applicationscited by 0
  24. 2026Enhanced Feature Extraction for IoT Network Intrusion Detection Using GNNs and KANcited by 0
  25. 2026Robust Unsupervised Network Intrusion Detection via Federated Learning with Selective Aggregation under Anomalous Sample Contaminationcited by 0
  26. 2026How Quantum Is the Advantage? A Fair, Calibration- and Noise-Aware Benchmark and Attribution Audit of Quantum Machine Learning for Network Intrusion Detectioncited by 0
  27. 2026A Three-Axis Stress Test of LLM vs Classical ML for Network Intrusion Detection under Distribution Shift and Adversarial Evasioncited by 0
  28. 2026Unmasking Shortcut Learning in IoT Intrusion Detection: A Forensic, Multi-Paradigm Evaluation of Feature Dependence and Data Leakagecited by 0