Benchmarking Knowledge-Enhanced Commonsense Question Answering via Knowledge-to-Text Transformation
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Abstract (arXiv)
A fundamental ability of humans is to utilize commonsense knowledge in language understanding and question answering. In recent years, many knowledge-enhanced Commonsense Question Answering (CQA) approaches have been proposed. However, it remains unclear: (1) How far can we get by exploiting external knowledge for CQA? (2) How much potential of knowledge has been exploited in current CQA models? (3) Which are the most promising directions for future CQA? To answer these questions, we benchmark knowledge-enhanced CQA by conducting extensive experiments on multiple standard CQA datasets using a simple and effective knowledge-to-text transformation framework. Experiments show that: (1) Our knowledge-to-text framework is effective and achieves state-of-the-art performance on CommonsenseQA dataset, providing a simple and strong knowledge-enhanced baseline for CQA; (2) The potential of knowledge is still far from being fully exploited in CQA -- there is a significant performance gap from current models to our models with golden knowledge; and (3) Context-sensitive knowledge selection, heterogeneous knowledge exploitation, and commonsense-rich language models are promising CQA directions.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). Builds on 25 of its 45 references that are in the map. First posted on arXiv 4 Jan 2021.
Builds on
25 of 45 references.
References · 25
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13 more
- 2019KagNet: Knowledge-Aware Graph Networks for Commonsense Reasoningcited by 216
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- 2019Barack's Wife Hillary: Using Knowledge-Graphs for Fact-Aware Language Modelingcited by 71
- 2019Graph-Based Reasoning over Heterogeneous External Knowledge for Commonsense Question Answeringcited by 68
- 2018Knowledgeable Reader: Enhancing Cloze-Style Reading Comprehension with External Commonsense Knowledgecited by 48
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 6; 2023: 5; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
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- 2021Generated Knowledge Prompting for Commonsense Reasoningcited by 213
- 2021Knowledgeable or Educated Guess? Revisiting Language Models as Knowledge Basescited by 107
- 2023Give Us the Facts: Enhancing Large Language Models with Knowledge Graphs for Fact-aware Language Modelingcited by 56
- 2021JointLK: Joint Reasoning with Language Models and Knowledge Graphs for Commonsense Question Answeringcited by 40
- 2022Ontology-enhanced Prompt-tuning for Few-shot Learningcited by 24
- 2022LaKo: Knowledge-driven Visual Question Answering via Late Knowledge-to-Text Injectioncited by 18
- 2022Elaboration-Generating Commonsense Question Answering at Scalecited by 9
- 2021Language Models as a Knowledge Source for Cognitive Agentscited by 7
- 2024Neuro-Symbolic AI for Military Applicationscited by 7
- 2021Natural Language Processing with Commonsense Knowledge: A Surveycited by 4
- 2022Simple and Effective Relation-based Embedding Propagation for Knowledge Representation Learningcited by 3
- 2022A Survey on Knowledge-Enhanced Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 3
7 more
- 2023Enhancing Answer Selection in Community Question Answering with Pre-trained and Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2022CIKQA: Learning Commonsense Inference with a Unified Knowledge-in-the-loop QA Paradigmcited by 2
- 2025EduEval: A Hierarchical Cognitive Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Chinese Educationcited by 2
- 2023MFBE: Leveraging Multi-Field Information of FAQs for Efficient Dense Retrievalcited by 1
- 2023Cross-Lingual Question Answering over Knowledge Base as Reading Comprehensioncited by 1
- 2024Rule or Story, Which is a Better Commonsense Expression for Talking with Large Language Models?cited by 1
- 2023Open-ended Commonsense Reasoning with Unrestricted Answer Scopecited by 0
- 2025EduEval: A Hierarchical Cognitive Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Chinese Education29 Nov 2025
- 2024Neuro-Symbolic AI for Military Applications17 Aug 2024
- 2024Rule or Story, Which is a Better Commonsense Expression for Talking with Large Language Models?22 Feb 2024
- 2023Enhancing Answer Selection in Community Question Answering with Pre-trained and Large Language Models29 Nov 2023
- 2023Open-ended Commonsense Reasoning with Unrestricted Answer Scope18 Oct 2023
- 2023Give Us the Facts: Enhancing Large Language Models with Knowledge Graphs for Fact-aware Language Modeling20 Jun 2023
- 2023Cross-Lingual Question Answering over Knowledge Base as Reading Comprehension26 Feb 2023
- 2023MFBE: Leveraging Multi-Field Information of FAQs for Efficient Dense Retrieval23 Feb 2023
- 2022A Survey on Knowledge-Enhanced Pre-trained Language Models27 Dec 2022
- 2022CIKQA: Learning Commonsense Inference with a Unified Knowledge-in-the-loop QA Paradigm12 Oct 2022
- 2022Elaboration-Generating Commonsense Question Answering at Scale2 Sep 2022
- 2022LaKo: Knowledge-driven Visual Question Answering via Late Knowledge-to-Text Injection26 Jul 2022
7 more
- 2022Simple and Effective Relation-based Embedding Propagation for Knowledge Representation Learning13 May 2022
- 2022Ontology-enhanced Prompt-tuning for Few-shot Learning27 Jan 2022
- 2021JointLK: Joint Reasoning with Language Models and Knowledge Graphs for Commonsense Question Answering6 Dec 2021
- 2021Generated Knowledge Prompting for Commonsense Reasoning15 Oct 2021
- 2021Language Models as a Knowledge Source for Cognitive Agents17 Sep 2021
- 2021Natural Language Processing with Commonsense Knowledge: A Survey10 Aug 2021
- 2021Knowledgeable or Educated Guess? Revisiting Language Models as Knowledge Bases17 Jun 2021
- 2021Generated Knowledge Prompting for Commonsense Reasoningcited by 213
- 2021Knowledgeable or Educated Guess? Revisiting Language Models as Knowledge Basescited by 107
- 2023Give Us the Facts: Enhancing Large Language Models with Knowledge Graphs for Fact-aware Language Modelingcited by 56
- 2021JointLK: Joint Reasoning with Language Models and Knowledge Graphs for Commonsense Question Answeringcited by 40
- 2022Ontology-enhanced Prompt-tuning for Few-shot Learningcited by 24
- 2022LaKo: Knowledge-driven Visual Question Answering via Late Knowledge-to-Text Injectioncited by 18
- 2022Elaboration-Generating Commonsense Question Answering at Scalecited by 9
- 2021Language Models as a Knowledge Source for Cognitive Agentscited by 7
- 2024Neuro-Symbolic AI for Military Applicationscited by 7
- 2021Natural Language Processing with Commonsense Knowledge: A Surveycited by 4
- 2022Simple and Effective Relation-based Embedding Propagation for Knowledge Representation Learningcited by 3
- 2022A Survey on Knowledge-Enhanced Pre-trained Language Modelscited by 3
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2025EduEval: A Hierarchical Cognitive Benchmark for Evaluating Large Language Models in Chinese Education29 Nov 2025
- 2024Neuro-Symbolic AI for Military Applications17 Aug 2024
- 2023Enhancing Answer Selection in Community Question Answering with Pre-trained and Large Language Models29 Nov 2023
- 2023Give Us the Facts: Enhancing Large Language Models with Knowledge Graphs for Fact-aware Language Modeling20 Jun 2023
- 2023Cross-Lingual Question Answering over Knowledge Base as Reading Comprehension26 Feb 2023
- 2023MFBE: Leveraging Multi-Field Information of FAQs for Efficient Dense Retrieval23 Feb 2023
- 2022A Survey on Knowledge-Enhanced Pre-trained Language Models27 Dec 2022
- 2022Elaboration-Generating Commonsense Question Answering at Scale2 Sep 2022
- 2022LaKo: Knowledge-driven Visual Question Answering via Late Knowledge-to-Text Injection26 Jul 2022
- 2022Simple and Effective Relation-based Embedding Propagation for Knowledge Representation Learning13 May 2022
- 2022Ontology-enhanced Prompt-tuning for Few-shot Learning27 Jan 2022
- 2021JointLK: Joint Reasoning with Language Models and Knowledge Graphs for Commonsense Question Answering6 Dec 2021
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)