dalex: Responsible Machine Learning with Interactive Explainability and Fairness in Python
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Abstract (arXiv)
The increasing amount of available data, computing power, and the constant pursuit for higher performance results in the growing complexity of predictive models. Their black-box nature leads to opaqueness debt phenomenon inflicting increased risks of discrimination, lack of reproducibility, and deflated performance due to data drift. To manage these risks, good MLOps practices ask for better validation of model performance and fairness, higher explainability, and continuous monitoring. The necessity of deeper model transparency appears not only from scientific and social domains, but also emerging laws and regulations on artificial intelligence. To facilitate the development of responsible machine learning models, we showcase dalex, a Python package which implements the model-agnostic interface for interactive model exploration. It adopts the design crafted through the development of various tools for responsible machine learning; thus, it aims at the unification of the existing solutions. This library's source code and documentation are available under open license at https://python.drwhy.ai/.
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Dec 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 11; 2023: 9; 2024: 10; 2025: 7.
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- 2022Quantus: An Explainable AI Toolkit for Responsible Evaluation of Neural Network Explanations and Beyondcited by 171
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey on Trustworthy Graph Neural Networks: Privacy, Robustness, Fairness, and Explainabilitycited by 118
- 2023Adversarial attacks and defenses in explainable artificial intelligence: A surveycited by 47
- 2024shapiq: Shapley Interactions for Machine Learningcited by 42
- 2022SurvSHAP(t): Time-dependent explanations of machine learning survival modelscited by 24
- 2022OmniXAI: A Library for Explainable AIcited by 21
- 2021Fooling Partial Dependence via Data Poisoningcited by 16
- 2022DC-Check: A Data-Centric AI checklist to guide the development of reliable machine learning systemscited by 14
- 2024Properties of fairness measures in the context of varying class imbalance and protected group ratioscited by 7
- 2024EARN Fairness: Explaining, Asking, Reviewing, and Negotiating Artificial Intelligence Fairness Metrics Among Stakeholderscited by 5
- 2021Does Dataset Complexity Matters for Model Explainers?cited by 4
- 2022Explanations Based on Item Response Theory (eXirt): A Model-Specific Method to Explain Tree-Ensemble Model in Trust Perspectivecited by 4
28 more
- 2023PiML Toolbox for Interpretable Machine Learning Model Development and Diagnosticscited by 4
- 2022TSInterpret: A unified framework for time series interpretabilitycited by 3
- 2024On the Consistency of Fairness Measurement Methods for Regression Taskscited by 2
- 2024How Reliable and Stable are Explanations of XAI Methods?cited by 2
- 2024An Open API Architecture to Discover the Trustworthy Explanation of Cloud AI Servicescited by 2
- 2021MAIR: Framework for mining relationships between research articles, strategies, and regulations in the field of explainable artificial intelligencecited by 1
- 2022Machine Learning Workflow to Explain Black-box Models for Early Alzheimer's Disease Classification Evaluated for Multiple Datasetscited by 1
- 2023Function Composition in Trustworthy Machine Learning: Implementation Choices, Insights, and Questionscited by 1
- 2023The Grammar and Syntax Based Corpus Analysis Tool For The Ukrainian Languagecited by 1
- 2024Effector: A Python package for regional explanationscited by 1
- 2024Data Science Principles for Interpretable and Explainable AIcited by 1
- 2022From Correlation to Causation: Formalizing Interpretable Machine Learning as a Statistical Processcited by 0
- 2022EFI: A Toolbox for Feature Importance Fusion and Interpretation in Pythoncited by 0
- 2022Black Box Model Explanations and the Human Interpretability Expectations -- An Analysis in the Context of Homicide Predictioncited by 0
- 2023Hypothesis Testing and Machine Learning: Interpreting Variable Effects in Deep Artificial Neural Networks using Cohen's f2cited by 0
- 2023Metric Tools for Sensitivity Analysis with Applications to Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2023Identifying Early Help Referrals For Local Authorities With Machine Learning And Bias Analysiscited by 0
- 2023Evaluating quantum generative models via imbalanced data classification benchmarkscited by 0
- 2023ONNXExplainer: an ONNX Based Generic Framework to Explain Neural Networks Using Shapley Valuescited by 0
- 2024Advancing Explainable AI Toward Human-Like Intelligence: Forging the Path to Artificial Braincited by 0
- 2024The Explabox: Model-Agnostic Machine Learning Transparency & Analysiscited by 0
- 2025Machine Learning Fairness in House Price Prediction: A Case Study of America's Expanding Metropolisescited by 0
- 2025X-ray transferable polyrepresentation learningcited by 0
- 2025Helix 1.0: An Open-Source Framework for Reproducible and Interpretable Machine Learning on Tabular Scientific Datacited by 0
- 2025Your Model Is Unfair, Are You Even Aware? Inverse Relationship Between Comprehension and Trust in Explainability Visualizations of Biased ML Modelscited by 0
- 2025A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Density-Ratio Estimation Based Fairness Measurement in Regressioncited by 0
- 2025Explain and Monitor Deep Learning Models for Computer Vision using Obz AIcited by 0
- 2025"I think this is fair": Uncovering the Complexities of Stakeholder Decision-Making in AI Fairness Assessmentcited by 0
- 2025"I think this is fair": Uncovering the Complexities of Stakeholder Decision-Making in AI Fairness Assessment22 Sep 2025
- 2025Explain and Monitor Deep Learning Models for Computer Vision using Obz AI25 Aug 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Density-Ratio Estimation Based Fairness Measurement in Regression20 Aug 2025
- 2025Your Model Is Unfair, Are You Even Aware? Inverse Relationship Between Comprehension and Trust in Explainability Visualizations of Biased ML Models31 Jul 2025
- 2025Helix 1.0: An Open-Source Framework for Reproducible and Interpretable Machine Learning on Tabular Scientific Data23 Jul 2025
- 2025X-ray transferable polyrepresentation learning7 Jul 2025
- 2025Machine Learning Fairness in House Price Prediction: A Case Study of America's Expanding Metropolises2 May 2025
- 2024The Explabox: Model-Agnostic Machine Learning Transparency & Analysis22 Nov 2024
- 2024Properties of fairness measures in the context of varying class imbalance and protected group ratios13 Nov 2024
- 2024An Open API Architecture to Discover the Trustworthy Explanation of Cloud AI Services5 Nov 2024
- 2024shapiq: Shapley Interactions for Machine Learning2 Oct 2024
- 2024EARN Fairness: Explaining, Asking, Reviewing, and Negotiating Artificial Intelligence Fairness Metrics Among Stakeholders16 Jul 2024
28 more
- 2024How Reliable and Stable are Explanations of XAI Methods?3 Jul 2024
- 2024On the Consistency of Fairness Measurement Methods for Regression Tasks19 Jun 2024
- 2024Data Science Principles for Interpretable and Explainable AI17 May 2024
- 2024Effector: A Python package for regional explanations3 Apr 2024
- 2024Advancing Explainable AI Toward Human-Like Intelligence: Forging the Path to Artificial Brain7 Feb 2024
- 2023ONNXExplainer: an ONNX Based Generic Framework to Explain Neural Networks Using Shapley Values29 Sep 2023
- 2023Evaluating quantum generative models via imbalanced data classification benchmarks21 Aug 2023
- 2023Identifying Early Help Referrals For Local Authorities With Machine Learning And Bias Analysis13 Jul 2023
- 2023Adversarial attacks and defenses in explainable artificial intelligence: A survey6 Jun 2023
- 2023The Grammar and Syntax Based Corpus Analysis Tool For The Ukrainian Language22 May 2023
- 2023PiML Toolbox for Interpretable Machine Learning Model Development and Diagnostics7 May 2023
- 2023Metric Tools for Sensitivity Analysis with Applications to Neural Networks3 May 2023
- 2023Function Composition in Trustworthy Machine Learning: Implementation Choices, Insights, and Questions17 Feb 2023
- 2023Hypothesis Testing and Machine Learning: Interpreting Variable Effects in Deep Artificial Neural Networks using Cohen's f22 Feb 2023
- 2022DC-Check: A Data-Centric AI checklist to guide the development of reliable machine learning systems9 Nov 2022
- 2022Black Box Model Explanations and the Human Interpretability Expectations -- An Analysis in the Context of Homicide Prediction19 Oct 2022
- 2022Explanations Based on Item Response Theory (eXirt): A Model-Specific Method to Explain Tree-Ensemble Model in Trust Perspective18 Oct 2022
- 2022SurvSHAP(t): Time-dependent explanations of machine learning survival models23 Aug 2022
- 2022TSInterpret: A unified framework for time series interpretability10 Aug 2022
- 2022EFI: A Toolbox for Feature Importance Fusion and Interpretation in Python8 Aug 2022
- 2022From Correlation to Causation: Formalizing Interpretable Machine Learning as a Statistical Process11 Jul 2022
- 2022OmniXAI: A Library for Explainable AI1 Jun 2022
- 2022Machine Learning Workflow to Explain Black-box Models for Early Alzheimer's Disease Classification Evaluated for Multiple Datasets12 May 2022
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey on Trustworthy Graph Neural Networks: Privacy, Robustness, Fairness, and Explainability18 Apr 2022
- 2022Quantus: An Explainable AI Toolkit for Responsible Evaluation of Neural Network Explanations and Beyond14 Feb 2022
- 2021MAIR: Framework for mining relationships between research articles, strategies, and regulations in the field of explainable artificial intelligence29 Jul 2021
- 2021Does Dataset Complexity Matters for Model Explainers?6 Jul 2021
- 2021Fooling Partial Dependence via Data Poisoning26 May 2021
- 2021Fooling Partial Dependence via Data Poisoningcited by 16
- 2021Fooling Partial Dependence via Data Poisoning26 May 2021
- 2022Quantus: An Explainable AI Toolkit for Responsible Evaluation of Neural Network Explanations and Beyondcited by 171
- 2022A Comprehensive Survey on Trustworthy Graph Neural Networks: Privacy, Robustness, Fairness, and Explainabilitycited by 118
- 2023Adversarial attacks and defenses in explainable artificial intelligence: A surveycited by 47
- 2024shapiq: Shapley Interactions for Machine Learningcited by 42
- 2022SurvSHAP(t): Time-dependent explanations of machine learning survival modelscited by 24
- 2022OmniXAI: A Library for Explainable AIcited by 21
- 2022DC-Check: A Data-Centric AI checklist to guide the development of reliable machine learning systemscited by 14
- 2024Properties of fairness measures in the context of varying class imbalance and protected group ratioscited by 7
- 2024EARN Fairness: Explaining, Asking, Reviewing, and Negotiating Artificial Intelligence Fairness Metrics Among Stakeholderscited by 5
- 2021Does Dataset Complexity Matters for Model Explainers?cited by 4
- 2022Explanations Based on Item Response Theory (eXirt): A Model-Specific Method to Explain Tree-Ensemble Model in Trust Perspectivecited by 4
- 2023PiML Toolbox for Interpretable Machine Learning Model Development and Diagnosticscited by 4
12 most cited of 39 All 39 (JSON)
- 2025"I think this is fair": Uncovering the Complexities of Stakeholder Decision-Making in AI Fairness Assessment22 Sep 2025
- 2025Explain and Monitor Deep Learning Models for Computer Vision using Obz AI25 Aug 2025
- 2025A Comprehensive Evaluation of the Sensitivity of Density-Ratio Estimation Based Fairness Measurement in Regression20 Aug 2025
- 2025Your Model Is Unfair, Are You Even Aware? Inverse Relationship Between Comprehension and Trust in Explainability Visualizations of Biased ML Models31 Jul 2025
- 2025Helix 1.0: An Open-Source Framework for Reproducible and Interpretable Machine Learning on Tabular Scientific Data23 Jul 2025
- 2025X-ray transferable polyrepresentation learning7 Jul 2025
- 2025Machine Learning Fairness in House Price Prediction: A Case Study of America's Expanding Metropolises2 May 2025
- 2024The Explabox: Model-Agnostic Machine Learning Transparency & Analysis22 Nov 2024
- 2024Properties of fairness measures in the context of varying class imbalance and protected group ratios13 Nov 2024
- 2024An Open API Architecture to Discover the Trustworthy Explanation of Cloud AI Services5 Nov 2024
- 2024shapiq: Shapley Interactions for Machine Learning2 Oct 2024
- 2024EARN Fairness: Explaining, Asking, Reviewing, and Negotiating Artificial Intelligence Fairness Metrics Among Stakeholders16 Jul 2024
12 newest of 39 All 39 (JSON)