Combining Machine Learning and Human Experts to Predict Match Outcomes in Football: A Baseline Model
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we present a new application-focused benchmark dataset and results from a set of baseline Natural Language Processing and Machine Learning models for prediction of match outcomes for games of football (soccer). By doing so we give a baseline for the prediction accuracy that can be achieved exploiting both statistical match data and contextual articles from human sports journalists. Our dataset is focuses on a representative time-period over 6 seasons of the English Premier League, and includes newspaper match previews from The Guardian. The models presented in this paper achieve an accuracy of 63.18% showing a 6.9% boost on the traditional statistical methods.
Key facts. Cited by 8 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Dec 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2022: 3; 2023: 0; 2024: 3; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
8 papers.
- 2024SPORTU: A Comprehensive Sports Understanding Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Modelscited by 24
- 2024SportQA: A Benchmark for Sports Understanding in Large Language Modelscited by 15
- 2025Let's Play Across Cultures: A Large Multilingual, Multicultural Benchmark for Assessing Language Models' Understanding of Sportscited by 3
- 2024Machine Learning for Soccer Match Result Predictioncited by 2
- 2026WorldCupArena: Fine-Grained Evaluation of Language Models and Deep-Research Agents on Football Forecastingcited by 2
- 2022PGD: A Large-scale Professional Go Dataset for Data-driven Analyticscited by 1
- 2022Predicting Football Match Outcomes with eXplainable Machine Learning and the Kelly Indexcited by 1
- 2022The ProfessionAl Go annotation datasEt (PAGE)cited by 0
- 2026WorldCupArena: Fine-Grained Evaluation of Language Models and Deep-Research Agents on Football Forecasting20 Jul 2026
- 2025Let's Play Across Cultures: A Large Multilingual, Multicultural Benchmark for Assessing Language Models' Understanding of Sports24 Sep 2025
- 2024SPORTU: A Comprehensive Sports Understanding Benchmark for Multimodal Large Language Models11 Oct 2024
- 2024Machine Learning for Soccer Match Result Prediction12 Mar 2024
- 2024SportQA: A Benchmark for Sports Understanding in Large Language Models24 Feb 2024
- 2022Predicting Football Match Outcomes with eXplainable Machine Learning and the Kelly Index28 Nov 2022
- 2022The ProfessionAl Go annotation datasEt (PAGE)3 Nov 2022
- 2022PGD: A Large-scale Professional Go Dataset for Data-driven Analytics30 Apr 2022