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PairRE: Knowledge Graph Embeddings via Paired Relation Vectors

arXiv 2011.03798 ↗First posted 7 Nov 2020cs.CL cs.AIcited by 67

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Abstract (arXiv)

Distance based knowledge graph embedding methods show promising results on link prediction task, on which two topics have been widely studied: one is the ability to handle complex relations, such as N-to-1, 1-to-N and N-to-N, the other is to encode various relation patterns, such as symmetry/antisymmetry. However, the existing methods fail to solve these two problems at the same time, which leads to unsatisfactory results. To mitigate this problem, we propose PairRE, a model with paired vectors for each relation representation. The paired vectors enable an adaptive adjustment of the margin in loss function to fit for complex relations. Besides, PairRE is capable of encoding three important relation patterns, symmetry/antisymmetry, inverse and composition. Given simple constraints on relation representations, PairRE can encode subrelation further. Experiments on link prediction benchmarks demonstrate the proposed key capabilities of PairRE. Moreover, We set a new state-of-the-art on two knowledge graph datasets of the challenging Open Graph Benchmark.

Key facts. Cited by 67 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 7 Nov 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 18; 2023: 11; 2024: 19; 2025: 8; 2026: 5.

67 papers.

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  1. 2021Neural Bellman-Ford Networks: A General Graph Neural Network Framework for Link Predictioncited by 273
  2. 2022A Survey of Knowledge Graph Reasoning on Graph Types: Static, Dynamic, and Multimodalcited by 106
  3. 2022A*Net: A Scalable Path-based Reasoning Approach for Knowledge Graphscited by 49
  4. 2022Knowledge Graph Embedding: A Survey from the Perspective of Representation Spacescited by 41
  5. 2024NativE: Multi-modal Knowledge Graph Completion in the Wildcited by 23
  6. 2021How Does Knowledge Graph Embedding Extrapolate to Unseen Data: A Semantic Evidence Viewcited by 17
  7. 2024Tokenization, Fusion, and Augmentation: Towards Fine-grained Multi-modal Entity Representationcited by 14
  8. 2024Multiple Heads are Better than One: Mixture of Modality Knowledge Experts for Entity Representation Learningcited by 13
  9. 2022SMiLE: Schema-augmented Multi-level Contrastive Learning for Knowledge Graph Link Predictioncited by 12
  10. 2021Bilinear Scoring Function Search for Knowledge Graph Learningcited by 11
  11. 2022CompoundE: Knowledge Graph Embedding with Translation, Rotation and Scaling Compound Operationscited by 10
  12. 2022TripleRE: Knowledge Graph Embeddings via Tripled Relation Vectorscited by 10
38 more
  1. 2023Knowledge Graph Embedding: An Overviewcited by 10
  2. 2024Chain of History: Learning and Forecasting with LLMs for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 10
  3. 2024Unleashing the Power of Imbalanced Modality Information for Multi-modal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 10
  4. 2022GreenKGC: A Lightweight Knowledge Graph Completion Methodcited by 9
  5. 2022TranS: Transition-based Knowledge Graph Embedding with Synthetic Relation Representationcited by 7
  6. 2022TranSHER: Translating Knowledge Graph Embedding with Hyper-Ellipsoidal Restrictioncited by 7
  7. 2024Generalizing Knowledge Graph Embedding with Universal Orthogonal Parameterizationcited by 7
  8. 2024Start from Zero: Triple Set Prediction for Automatic Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 7
  9. 2022InterHT: Knowledge Graph Embeddings by Interaction between Head and Tail Entitiescited by 6
  10. 2022STaR: Knowledge Graph Embedding by Scaling, Translation and Rotationcited by 6
  11. 2022Inductive Knowledge Graph Reasoning for Multi-batch Emerging Entitiescited by 6
  12. 2022Mitigating Relational Bias on Knowledge Graphscited by 6
  13. 2024Deep Outdated Fact Detection in Knowledge Graphscited by 6
  14. 2021Triple Classification for Scholarly Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 5
  15. 2022PIE: a Parameter and Inference Efficient Solution for Large Scale Knowledge Graph Embedding Reasoningcited by 4
  16. 2022Simple and Effective Relation-based Embedding Propagation for Knowledge Representation Learningcited by 3
  17. 2023Analogical Inference Enhanced Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 3
  18. 2023Knowledge Graph Embedding with 3D Compound Geometric Transformationscited by 3
  19. 2023HaSa: Hardness and Structure-Aware Contrastive Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 3
  20. 2023A Comprehensive Study on Knowledge Graph Embedding over Relational Patterns Based on Rule Learningcited by 3
  21. 2024Knowledge Graph Reasoning with Self-supervised Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
  22. 2024Simple but Effective Compound Geometric Operations for Temporal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 3
  23. 2025From Symbolic to Neural and Back: Exploring Knowledge Graph-Large Language Model Synergiescited by 3
  24. 2026S-Path-RAG: Semantic-Aware Shortest-Path Retrieval Augmented Generation for Multi-Hop Knowledge Graph Question Answeringcited by 3
  25. 2021What is Learned in Knowledge Graph Embeddings?cited by 2
  26. 2022Graph Representation Learning Beyond Node and Homophilycited by 2
  27. 2022StarGraph: Knowledge Representation Learning based on Incomplete Two-hop Subgraphcited by 2
  28. 2023To Copy Rather Than Memorize: A Vertical Learning Paradigm for Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 2
  29. 2023TransERR: Translation-based Knowledge Graph Embedding via Efficient Relation Rotationcited by 2
  30. 2024PAC-Bayesian Generalization Bounds for Knowledge Graph Representation Learningcited by 2
  31. 2024The Role of Graph Topology in the Performance of Biomedical Knowledge Graph Completion Modelscited by 2
  32. 2024MARS: A neurosymbolic approach for interpretable drug discoverycited by 2
  33. 2024Knowledge Graph Embeddings: A Comprehensive Survey on Capturing Relation Propertiescited by 2
  34. 2021Is There More Pattern in Knowledge Graph? Exploring Proximity Pattern for Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 1
  35. 20233D Rotation and Translation for Hyperbolic Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 1
  36. 2023CausE: Towards Causal Knowledge Graph Embeddingcited by 1
  37. 2024KC-GenRe: A Knowledge-constrained Generative Re-ranking Method Based on Large Language Models for Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 1
  38. 2025Diffusion-based Hierarchical Negative Sampling for Multimodal Knowledge Graph Completioncited by 1

50 most cited of 67 All 67 (JSON)