mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

XED: A Multilingual Dataset for Sentiment Analysis and Emotion Detection

arXiv 2011.01612 ↗First posted 3 Nov 2020cs.CLcited by 31

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Abstract (arXiv)

We introduce XED, a multilingual fine-grained emotion dataset. The dataset consists of human-annotated Finnish (25k) and English sentences (30k), as well as projected annotations for 30 additional languages, providing new resources for many low-resource languages. We use Plutchik's core emotions to annotate the dataset with the addition of neutral to create a multilabel multiclass dataset. The dataset is carefully evaluated using language-specific BERT models and SVMs to show that XED performs on par with other similar datasets and is therefore a useful tool for sentiment analysis and emotion detection.

Key facts. Cited by 31 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Nov 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 2; 2023: 9; 2024: 5; 2025: 9; 2026: 3.

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  1. 2024A Survey on Multilingual Large Language Models: Corpora, Alignment, and Biascited by 82
  2. 2023FinGPT: Large Generative Models for a Small Languagecited by 49
  3. 2023Comparing Biases and the Impact of Multilingual Training across Multiple Languagescited by 36
  4. 2025BRIGHTER: BRIdging the Gap in Human-Annotated Textual Emotion Recognition Datasets for 28 Languagescited by 27
  5. 2023Massively Multilingual Corpus of Sentiment Datasets and Multi-faceted Sentiment Classification Benchmarkcited by 10
  6. 2025SemEval-2025 Task 11: Bridging the Gap in Text-Based Emotion Detectioncited by 9
  7. 2024English Prompts are Better for NLI-based Zero-Shot Emotion Classification than Target-Language Promptscited by 7
  8. 2021PyPlutchik: visualising and comparing emotion-annotated corporacited by 6
  9. 2021The Current State of Finnish NLPcited by 5
  10. 2025MMAFFBen: A Multilingual and Multimodal Affective Analysis Benchmark for Evaluating LLMs and VLMscited by 4
  11. 2023The Skipped Beat: A Study of Sociopragmatic Understanding in LLMs for 64 Languagescited by 3
  12. 2023Overview of Memotion 3: Sentiment and Emotion Analysis of Codemixed Hinglish Memescited by 2
19 more
  1. 2023Comparing Styles across Languages: A Cross-Cultural Exploration of Politenesscited by 2
  2. 2025Emotion Recognition and Generation: A Comprehensive Review of Face, Speech, and Text Modalitiescited by 2
  3. 2021Transfer Learning for Multi-lingual Tasks -- a Surveycited by 1
  4. 2022Multi-aspect Multilingual and Cross-lingual Parliamentary Speech Analysiscited by 1
  5. 2022Label Alignment Regularization for Distribution Shiftcited by 1
  6. 2023Guilt Detection in Text: A Step Towards Understanding Complex Emotionscited by 1
  7. 2024MaCmS: Magahi Code-mixed Dataset for Sentiment Analysiscited by 1
  8. 2025Enhancing Multi-Label Emotion Analysis and Corresponding Intensities for Ethiopian Languagescited by 1
  9. 2025SentiMM: A Multimodal Multi-Agent Framework for Sentiment Analysis in Social Mediacited by 1
  10. 2023Affect as a proxy for literary moodcited by 0
  11. 2023Croatian Film Review Dataset (Cro-FiReDa): A Sentiment Annotated Dataset of Film Reviewscited by 0
  12. 2024Emotion Identification for French in Written Texts: Considering their Modes of Expression as a Step Towards Text Complexity Analysiscited by 0
  13. 2024SentiXRL: An advanced large language Model Framework for Multilingual Fine-Grained Emotion Classification in Complex Text Environmentcited by 0
  14. 2025Performance Evaluation of Emotion Classification in Japanese Using RoBERTa and DeBERTacited by 0
  15. 2025EmoBench-UA: A Benchmark Dataset for Emotion Detection in Ukrainiancited by 0
  16. 2025FIN-bench-v2: A Unified and Robust Benchmark Suite for Evaluating Finnish Large Language Modelscited by 0
  17. 2026Why Are Some Emotions Harder for LLMs? Uncovering the Causal Mechanisms of Emotion Inference via Sparse Autoencoderscited by 0
  18. 2026idSCD: Identifying Training Datasets through Semantic Correlation Descriptorscited by 0
  19. 2026Chiaroscuro for Emotions: A Contrastive Emotion Benchmark Grounded in Appraisal Theorycited by 0