Recent Developments on ESPnet Toolkit Boosted by Conformer
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this study, we present recent developments on ESPnet: End-to-End Speech Processing toolkit, which mainly involves a recently proposed architecture called Conformer, Convolution-augmented Transformer. This paper shows the results for a wide range of end-to-end speech processing applications, such as automatic speech recognition (ASR), speech translations (ST), speech separation (SS) and text-to-speech (TTS). Our experiments reveal various training tips and significant performance benefits obtained with the Conformer on different tasks. These results are competitive or even outperform the current state-of-art Transformer models. We are preparing to release all-in-one recipes using open source and publicly available corpora for all the above tasks with pre-trained models. Our aim for this work is to contribute to our research community by reducing the burden of preparing state-of-the-art research environments usually requiring high resources.
Key facts. Cited by 132 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 26 Oct 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 32; 2022: 48; 2023: 38; 2024: 12; 2025: 2.
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- 2021GigaSpeech: An Evolving, Multi-domain ASR Corpus with 10,000 Hours of Transcribed Audiocited by 391
- 2021WenetSpeech: A 10000+ Hours Multi-domain Mandarin Corpus for Speech Recognitioncited by 189
- 2021Recent Advances in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 138
- 2023End-to-End Speech Recognition: A Surveycited by 127
- 2022Branchformer: Parallel MLP-Attention Architectures to Capture Local and Global Context for Speech Recognition and Understandingcited by 90
- 2022E-Branchformer: Branchformer with Enhanced merging for speech recognitioncited by 90
- 2024OWSM v3.1: Better and Faster Open Whisper-Style Speech Models based on E-Branchformercited by 74
- 2021Translatotron 2: High-quality direct speech-to-speech translation with voice preservationcited by 69
- 2022Squeezeformer: An Efficient Transformer for Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 50
- 2021Efficient conformer: Progressive downsampling and grouped attention for automatic speech recognitioncited by 42
- 2023Exploring Speech Recognition, Translation, and Understanding with Discrete Speech Units: A Comparative Studycited by 42
- 2022A3T: Alignment-Aware Acoustic and Text Pretraining for Speech Synthesis and Editingcited by 40
38 more
- 2021An Exploration of Self-Supervised Pretrained Representations for End-to-End Speech Recognitioncited by 39
- 2022TranSpeech: Speech-to-Speech Translation With Bilateral Perturbationcited by 34
- 2022Attention as a Guide for Simultaneous Speech Translationcited by 32
- 2023Improving Massively Multilingual ASR With Auxiliary CTC Objectivescited by 31
- 2022iSTFTNet: Fast and Lightweight Mel-Spectrogram Vocoder Incorporating Inverse Short-Time Fourier Transformcited by 30
- 2021A Comparative Study on Non-Autoregressive Modelings for Speech-to-Text Generationcited by 27
- 2024ML-SUPERB 2.0: Benchmarking Multilingual Speech Models Across Modeling Constraints, Languages, and Datasetscited by 26
- 2021Advanced Long-context End-to-end Speech Recognition Using Context-expanded Transformerscited by 25
- 2022CTC Alignments Improve Autoregressive Translationcited by 25
- 2023The Singing Voice Conversion Challenge 2023cited by 25
- 2021Searchable Hidden Intermediates for End-to-End Models of Decomposable Sequence Taskscited by 24
- 2023FluentSpeech: Stutter-Oriented Automatic Speech Editing with Context-Aware Diffusion Modelscited by 23
- 2021ESPnet2-TTS: Extending the Edge of TTS Researchcited by 22
- 2023Audio-Visual Efficient Conformer for Robust Speech Recognitioncited by 22
- 2024StreamAtt: Direct Streaming Speech-to-Text Translation with Attention-based Audio History Selectioncited by 19
- 2021Joint Modeling of Code-Switched and Monolingual ASR via Conditional Factorizationcited by 17
- 2022Towards Zero-Shot Code-Switched Speech Recognitioncited by 15
- 2021Dual Causal/Non-Causal Self-Attention for Streaming End-to-End Speech Recognitioncited by 14
- 2023When Good and Reproducible Results are a Giant with Feet of Clay: The Importance of Software Quality in NLPcited by 14
- 2023AV2AV: Direct Audio-Visual Speech to Audio-Visual Speech Translation with Unified Audio-Visual Speech Representationcited by 14
- 2021Layer Pruning on Demand with Intermediate CTCcited by 13
- 2023A Comparative Study on E-Branchformer vs Conformer in Speech Recognition, Translation, and Understanding Taskscited by 13
- 2023Visual Speech Recognition for Languages with Limited Labeled Data using Automatic Labels from Whispercited by 13
- 2022Conformer Based Elderly Speech Recognition System for Alzheimer's Disease Detectioncited by 12
- 2021Streaming End-to-End ASR based on Blockwise Non-Autoregressive Modelscited by 11
- 2022Combining Spectral and Self-Supervised Features for Low Resource Speech Recognition and Translationcited by 11
- 2022BERT Meets CTC: New Formulation of End-to-End Speech Recognition with Pre-trained Masked Language Modelcited by 11
- 2022Structured State Space Decoder for Speech Recognition and Synthesiscited by 11
- 2023SummaryMixing: A Linear-Complexity Alternative to Self-Attention for Speech Recognition and Understandingcited by 11
- 2022Boosting Cross-Domain Speech Recognition with Self-Supervisioncited by 10
- 2023ESPnet-ST-v2: Multipurpose Spoken Language Translation Toolkitcited by 10
- 2021Residual Energy-Based Models for End-to-End Speech Recognitioncited by 9
- 2021Non-autoregressive End-to-end Speech Translation with Parallel Autoregressive Rescoringcited by 9
- 2021Fast-MD: Fast Multi-Decoder End-to-End Speech Translation with Non-Autoregressive Hidden Intermediatescited by 9
- 2023Speech collage: code-switched audio generation by collaging monolingual corporacited by 9
- 2022Conversational Speech Recognition By Learning Conversation-level Characteristicscited by 8
- 2022Cross-Speaker Emotion Transfer for Low-Resource Text-to-Speech Using Non-Parallel Voice Conversion with Pitch-Shift Data Augmentationcited by 8
- 2022Two-Pass Low Latency End-to-End Spoken Language Understandingcited by 8
50 most cited of 132 All 132 (JSON)
- 2025Edge-Based Speech Transcription and Synthesis for Kinyarwanda and Swahili Languages18 Oct 2025
- 2025Cross-Attention is Half Explanation in Speech-to-Text Models22 Sep 2025
- 2024The Conformer Encoder May Reverse the Time Dimension1 Oct 2024
- 2024FluentEditor2: Text-based Speech Editing by Modeling Multi-Scale Acoustic and Prosody Consistency28 Sep 2024
- 2024A quest through interconnected datasets: lessons from highly-cited ICASSP papers19 Sep 2024
- 2024Multi-Convformer: Extending Conformer with Multiple Convolution Kernels4 Jul 2024
- 2024Towards Effective and Efficient Non-autoregressive Decoding Using Block-based Attention Mask14 Jun 2024
- 2024ML-SUPERB 2.0: Benchmarking Multilingual Speech Models Across Modeling Constraints, Languages, and Datasets12 Jun 2024
- 2024StreamAtt: Direct Streaming Speech-to-Text Translation with Attention-based Audio History Selection10 Jun 2024
- 2024Joint Beam Search Integrating CTC, Attention, and Transducer Decoders5 Jun 2024
- 2024Joint Optimization of Streaming and Non-Streaming Automatic Speech Recognition with Multi-Decoder and Knowledge Distillation22 May 2024
- 2024Wav2Gloss: Generating Interlinear Glossed Text from Speech19 Mar 2024
38 more
- 2024OWSM v3.1: Better and Faster Open Whisper-Style Speech Models based on E-Branchformer30 Jan 2024
- 2024AugSumm: towards generalizable speech summarization using synthetic labels from large language model10 Jan 2024
- 2023AV2AV: Direct Audio-Visual Speech to Audio-Visual Speech Translation with Unified Audio-Visual Speech Representation5 Dec 2023
- 2023Audio-AdapterFusion: A Task-ID-free Approach for Efficient and Non-Destructive Multi-task Speech Recognition17 Oct 2023
- 2023Iterative Shallow Fusion of Backward Language Model for End-to-End Speech Recognition17 Oct 2023
- 2023Acoustic Model Fusion for End-to-end Speech Recognition10 Oct 2023
- 2023Leveraging Multilingual Self-Supervised Pretrained Models for Sequence-to-Sequence End-to-End Spoken Language Understanding9 Oct 2023
- 2023Exploring Speech Recognition, Translation, and Understanding with Discrete Speech Units: A Comparative Study27 Sep 2023
- 2023Speech collage: code-switched audio generation by collaging monolingual corpora27 Sep 2023
- 2023Semi-Autoregressive Streaming ASR With Label Context19 Sep 2023
- 2023Harnessing the Zero-Shot Power of Instruction-Tuned Large Language Model in End-to-End Speech Recognition19 Sep 2023
- 2023Visual Speech Recognition for Languages with Limited Labeled Data using Automatic Labels from Whisper15 Sep 2023
- 2023Improving Robustness of Neural Inverse Text Normalization via Data-Augmentation, Semi-Supervised Learning, and Post-Aligning Method12 Sep 2023
- 2023Multi-Modal Automatic Prosody Annotation with Contrastive Pretraining of SSWP11 Sep 2023
- 2023Improving CTC-AED model with integrated-CTC and auxiliary loss regularization15 Aug 2023
- 2023Representation Learning With Hidden Unit Clustering For Low Resource Speech Applications14 Jul 2023
- 2023SummaryMixing: A Linear-Complexity Alternative to Self-Attention for Speech Recognition and Understanding12 Jul 2023
- 2023Audio-visual End-to-end Multi-channel Speech Separation, Dereverberation and Recognition6 Jul 2023
- 2023Hyper-parameter Adaptation of Conformer ASR Systems for Elderly and Dysarthric Speech Recognition27 Jun 2023
- 2023Factorised Speaker-environment Adaptive Training of Conformer Speech Recognition Systems26 Jun 2023
- 2023The Singing Voice Conversion Challenge 202326 Jun 2023
- 2023Towards Effective and Compact Contextual Representation for Conformer Transducer Speech Recognition Systems23 Jun 2023
- 2023Multi-pass Training and Cross-information Fusion for Low-resource End-to-end Accented Speech Recognition20 Jun 2023
- 2023Research on an improved Conformer end-to-end Speech Recognition Model with R-Drop Structure14 Jun 2023
- 2023Arabic Dysarthric Speech Recognition Using Adversarial and Signal-Based Augmentation7 Jun 2023
- 2023Enhancing the Unified Streaming and Non-streaming Model with Contrastive Learning1 Jun 2023
- 2023Retraining-free Customized ASR for Enharmonic Words Based on a Named-Entity-Aware Model and Phoneme Similarity Estimation29 May 2023
- 2023FluentSpeech: Stutter-Oriented Automatic Speech Editing with Context-Aware Diffusion Models23 May 2023
- 2023Hystoc: Obtaining word confidences for fusion of end-to-end ASR systems21 May 2023
- 2023Language-universal phonetic encoder for low-resource speech recognition19 May 2023
- 2023Language-Universal Phonetic Representation in Multilingual Speech Pretraining for Low-Resource Speech Recognition19 May 2023
- 2023A Comparative Study on E-Branchformer vs Conformer in Speech Recognition, Translation, and Understanding Tasks18 May 2023
- 2023Joint Modelling of Spoken Language Understanding Tasks with Integrated Dialog History1 May 2023
- 2023ESPnet-ST-v2: Multipurpose Spoken Language Translation Toolkit10 Apr 2023
- 2023When Good and Reproducible Results are a Giant with Feet of Clay: The Importance of Software Quality in NLP28 Mar 2023
- 2023Beyond Universal Transformer: block reusing with adaptor in Transformer for automatic speech recognition23 Mar 2023
- 2023End-to-End Speech Recognition: A Survey3 Mar 2023
- 2023Improving Massively Multilingual ASR With Auxiliary CTC Objectives24 Feb 2023
50 newest of 132 All 132 (JSON)
- 2021GigaSpeech: An Evolving, Multi-domain ASR Corpus with 10,000 Hours of Transcribed Audiocited by 391
- 2021WenetSpeech: A 10000+ Hours Multi-domain Mandarin Corpus for Speech Recognitioncited by 189
- 2021Recent Advances in End-to-End Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 138
- 2023End-to-End Speech Recognition: A Surveycited by 127
- 2022Branchformer: Parallel MLP-Attention Architectures to Capture Local and Global Context for Speech Recognition and Understandingcited by 90
- 2022E-Branchformer: Branchformer with Enhanced merging for speech recognitioncited by 90
- 2024OWSM v3.1: Better and Faster Open Whisper-Style Speech Models based on E-Branchformercited by 74
- 2021Translatotron 2: High-quality direct speech-to-speech translation with voice preservationcited by 69
- 2022Squeezeformer: An Efficient Transformer for Automatic Speech Recognitioncited by 50
- 2021Efficient conformer: Progressive downsampling and grouped attention for automatic speech recognitioncited by 42
- 2023Exploring Speech Recognition, Translation, and Understanding with Discrete Speech Units: A Comparative Studycited by 42
- 2022A3T: Alignment-Aware Acoustic and Text Pretraining for Speech Synthesis and Editingcited by 40
12 most cited of 130 All 130 (JSON)
- 2025Edge-Based Speech Transcription and Synthesis for Kinyarwanda and Swahili Languages18 Oct 2025
- 2025Cross-Attention is Half Explanation in Speech-to-Text Models22 Sep 2025
- 2024The Conformer Encoder May Reverse the Time Dimension1 Oct 2024
- 2024FluentEditor2: Text-based Speech Editing by Modeling Multi-Scale Acoustic and Prosody Consistency28 Sep 2024
- 2024A quest through interconnected datasets: lessons from highly-cited ICASSP papers19 Sep 2024
- 2024Multi-Convformer: Extending Conformer with Multiple Convolution Kernels4 Jul 2024
- 2024Towards Effective and Efficient Non-autoregressive Decoding Using Block-based Attention Mask14 Jun 2024
- 2024ML-SUPERB 2.0: Benchmarking Multilingual Speech Models Across Modeling Constraints, Languages, and Datasets12 Jun 2024
- 2024StreamAtt: Direct Streaming Speech-to-Text Translation with Attention-based Audio History Selection10 Jun 2024
- 2024Joint Beam Search Integrating CTC, Attention, and Transducer Decoders5 Jun 2024
- 2024Joint Optimization of Streaming and Non-Streaming Automatic Speech Recognition with Multi-Decoder and Knowledge Distillation22 May 2024
- 2024Wav2Gloss: Generating Interlinear Glossed Text from Speech19 Mar 2024
12 newest of 130 All 130 (JSON)