Did You Ask a Good Question? A Cross-Domain Question Intention Classification Benchmark for Text-to-SQL
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Abstract (arXiv)
Neural models have achieved significant results on the text-to-SQL task, in which most current work assumes all the input questions are legal and generates a SQL query for any input. However, in the real scenario, users can input any text that may not be able to be answered by a SQL query. In this work, we propose TriageSQL, the first cross-domain text-to-SQL question intention classification benchmark that requires models to distinguish four types of unanswerable questions from answerable questions. The baseline RoBERTa model achieves a 60% F1 score on the test set, demonstrating the need for further improvement on this task. Our dataset is available at https://github.com/chatc/TriageSQL.
Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 23 Oct 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 3; 2023: 1; 2024: 5; 2025: 3; 2026: 3.
16 papers.
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- 2021KaggleDBQA: Realistic Evaluation of Text-to-SQL Parserscited by 106
- 2022Recent Advances in Text-to-SQL: A Survey of What We Have and What We Expectcited by 47
- 2023EHRSQL: A Practical Text-to-SQL Benchmark for Electronic Health Recordscited by 45
- 2024PRACTIQ: A Practical Conversational Text-to-SQL dataset with Ambiguous and Unanswerable Queriescited by 19
- 2024TrustSQL: Benchmarking Text-to-SQL Reliability with Penalty-Based Scoringcited by 17
- 2022Deep Learning Driven Natural Languages Text to SQL Query Conversion: A Surveycited by 11
- 2022NL2INTERFACE: Interactive Visualization Interface Generation from Natural Language Queriescited by 8
- 2024QDA-SQL: Questions Enhanced Dialogue Augmentation for Multi-Turn Text-to-SQLcited by 5
- 2024Towards Unbiased Evaluation of Detecting Unanswerable Questions in EHRSQLcited by 3
- 2024Evaluating and Enhancing LLMs for Multi-turn Text-to-SQL with Multiple Question Typescited by 3
- 2025Confidence Estimation for Text-to-SQL in Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026LatentRefusal: Latent-Signal Refusal for Unanswerable Text-to-SQL Queriescited by 3
4 more
- 2025SCARE: A Benchmark for SQL Correction and Question Answerability Classification for Reliable EHR Question Answeringcited by 0
- 2025Query Carefully: Detecting the Unanswerables in Text-to-SQL Taskscited by 0
- 2026Natural Language Interfaces for Spatial and Temporal Databases: A Comprehensive Overview of Methods, Taxonomy, and Future Directionscited by 0
- 2026TrustDABench: Benchmarking Reliability and Robustness of LLMs for Structured Data Analysiscited by 0
- 2026TrustDABench: Benchmarking Reliability and Robustness of LLMs for Structured Data Analysis25 Aug 2026
- 2026Natural Language Interfaces for Spatial and Temporal Databases: A Comprehensive Overview of Methods, Taxonomy, and Future Directions24 Mar 2026
- 2026LatentRefusal: Latent-Signal Refusal for Unanswerable Text-to-SQL Queries15 Jan 2026
- 2025Query Carefully: Detecting the Unanswerables in Text-to-SQL Tasks19 Dec 2025
- 2025SCARE: A Benchmark for SQL Correction and Question Answerability Classification for Reliable EHR Question Answering13 Nov 2025
- 2025Confidence Estimation for Text-to-SQL in Large Language Models8 Aug 2025
- 2024Evaluating and Enhancing LLMs for Multi-turn Text-to-SQL with Multiple Question Types21 Dec 2024
- 2024PRACTIQ: A Practical Conversational Text-to-SQL dataset with Ambiguous and Unanswerable Queries14 Oct 2024
- 2024QDA-SQL: Questions Enhanced Dialogue Augmentation for Multi-Turn Text-to-SQL15 Jun 2024
- 2024Towards Unbiased Evaluation of Detecting Unanswerable Questions in EHRSQL29 Apr 2024
- 2024TrustSQL: Benchmarking Text-to-SQL Reliability with Penalty-Based Scoring23 Mar 2024
- 2023EHRSQL: A Practical Text-to-SQL Benchmark for Electronic Health Records16 Jan 2023
4 more
- 2022NL2INTERFACE: Interactive Visualization Interface Generation from Natural Language Queries19 Sep 2022
- 2022Recent Advances in Text-to-SQL: A Survey of What We Have and What We Expect22 Aug 2022
- 2022Deep Learning Driven Natural Languages Text to SQL Query Conversion: A Survey8 Aug 2022
- 2021KaggleDBQA: Realistic Evaluation of Text-to-SQL Parsers22 Jun 2021
- 2021KaggleDBQA: Realistic Evaluation of Text-to-SQL Parserscited by 106
- 2022Recent Advances in Text-to-SQL: A Survey of What We Have and What We Expectcited by 47
- 2023EHRSQL: A Practical Text-to-SQL Benchmark for Electronic Health Recordscited by 45
- 2024PRACTIQ: A Practical Conversational Text-to-SQL dataset with Ambiguous and Unanswerable Queriescited by 19
- 2024TrustSQL: Benchmarking Text-to-SQL Reliability with Penalty-Based Scoringcited by 17
- 2022Deep Learning Driven Natural Languages Text to SQL Query Conversion: A Surveycited by 11
- 2022NL2INTERFACE: Interactive Visualization Interface Generation from Natural Language Queriescited by 8
- 2024QDA-SQL: Questions Enhanced Dialogue Augmentation for Multi-Turn Text-to-SQLcited by 5
- 2024Towards Unbiased Evaluation of Detecting Unanswerable Questions in EHRSQLcited by 3
- 2024Evaluating and Enhancing LLMs for Multi-turn Text-to-SQL with Multiple Question Typescited by 3
- 2025Confidence Estimation for Text-to-SQL in Large Language Modelscited by 3
- 2026LatentRefusal: Latent-Signal Refusal for Unanswerable Text-to-SQL Queriescited by 3
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026TrustDABench: Benchmarking Reliability and Robustness of LLMs for Structured Data Analysis25 Aug 2026
- 2026Natural Language Interfaces for Spatial and Temporal Databases: A Comprehensive Overview of Methods, Taxonomy, and Future Directions24 Mar 2026
- 2026LatentRefusal: Latent-Signal Refusal for Unanswerable Text-to-SQL Queries15 Jan 2026
- 2025Query Carefully: Detecting the Unanswerables in Text-to-SQL Tasks19 Dec 2025
- 2025SCARE: A Benchmark for SQL Correction and Question Answerability Classification for Reliable EHR Question Answering13 Nov 2025
- 2025Confidence Estimation for Text-to-SQL in Large Language Models8 Aug 2025
- 2024Evaluating and Enhancing LLMs for Multi-turn Text-to-SQL with Multiple Question Types21 Dec 2024
- 2024PRACTIQ: A Practical Conversational Text-to-SQL dataset with Ambiguous and Unanswerable Queries14 Oct 2024
- 2024QDA-SQL: Questions Enhanced Dialogue Augmentation for Multi-Turn Text-to-SQL15 Jun 2024
- 2024Towards Unbiased Evaluation of Detecting Unanswerable Questions in EHRSQL29 Apr 2024
- 2024TrustSQL: Benchmarking Text-to-SQL Reliability with Penalty-Based Scoring23 Mar 2024
- 2023EHRSQL: A Practical Text-to-SQL Benchmark for Electronic Health Records16 Jan 2023
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)