CoVoST 2 and Massively Multilingual Speech-to-Text Translation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Speech translation has recently become an increasingly popular topic of research, partly due to the development of benchmark datasets. Nevertheless, current datasets cover a limited number of languages. With the aim to foster research in massive multilingual speech translation and speech translation for low resource language pairs, we release CoVoST 2, a large-scale multilingual speech translation corpus covering translations from 21 languages into English and from English into 15 languages. This represents the largest open dataset available to date from total volume and language coverage perspective. Data sanity checks provide evidence about the quality of the data, which is released under CC0 license. We also provide extensive speech recognition, bilingual and multilingual machine translation and speech translation baselines with open-source implementation.
Key facts. Cited by 73 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Jul 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 12; 2022: 8; 2023: 11; 2024: 14; 2025: 16; 2026: 12.
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- 2023Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Modelscited by 591
- 2024Qwen2-Audio Technical Reportcited by 543
- 2023AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listencited by 333
- 2023On decoder-only architecture for speech-to-text and large language model integrationcited by 144
- 2021Textless Speech-to-Speech Translation on Real Datacited by 121
- 2021The Multilingual TEDx Corpus for Speech Recognition and Translationcited by 101
- 2025Perception, Reason, Think, and Plan: A Survey on Large Multimodal Reasoning Modelscited by 89
- 2022SUPERB-SG: Enhanced Speech processing Universal PERformance Benchmark for Semantic and Generative Capabilitiescited by 76
- 2021Translatotron 2: High-quality direct speech-to-speech translation with voice preservationcited by 69
- 2025Ming-Omni: A Unified Multimodal Model for Perception and Generationcited by 62
- 2023Prompting the Hidden Talent of Web-Scale Speech Models for Zero-Shot Task Generalizationcited by 43
- 2024A Large-Scale Evaluation of Speech Foundation Modelscited by 38
38 more
- 2024Distilling an End-to-End Voice Assistant Without Instruction Training Datacited by 35
- 2024OWSM-CTC: An Open Encoder-Only Speech Foundation Model for Speech Recognition, Translation, and Language Identificationcited by 34
- 2021Source and Target Bidirectional Knowledge Distillation for End-to-end Speech Translationcited by 27
- 2025InteractiveOmni: A Unified Omni-modal Model for Audio-Visual Multi-turn Dialoguecited by 27
- 2021Searchable Hidden Intermediates for End-to-End Models of Decomposable Sequence Taskscited by 24
- 2023DecoderLens: Layerwise Interpretation of Encoder-Decoder Transformerscited by 22
- 2025Open ASR Leaderboard: Towards Reproducible and Transparent Multilingual and Long-Form Speech Recognition Evaluationcited by 21
- 2024StreamSpeech: Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation with Multi-task Learningcited by 20
- 2024Speech-MASSIVE: A Multilingual Speech Dataset for SLU and Beyondcited by 20
- 2025M2-omni: Advancing Omni-MLLM for Comprehensive Modality Support with Competitive Performancecited by 19
- 2021BSTC: A Large-Scale Chinese-English Speech Translation Datasetcited by 16
- 2021End-to-End Speech Translation with Pre-trained Models and Adapters: UPC at IWSLT 2021cited by 16
- 2022T-Modules: Translation Modules for Zero-Shot Cross-Modal Machine Translationcited by 16
- 2023Understanding and Bridging the Modality Gap for Speech Translationcited by 15
- 2025Ming-UniAudio: Speech LLM for Joint Understanding, Generation and Editing with Unified Representationcited by 15
- 2024Towards Achieving Human Parity on End-to-end Simultaneous Speech Translation via LLM Agentcited by 14
- 2023DASpeech: Directed Acyclic Transformer for Fast and High-quality Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 9
- 2021An Approach to Improve Robustness of NLP Systems against ASR Errorscited by 8
- 2022Hierarchical Softmax for End-to-End Low-resource Multilingual Speech Recognitioncited by 7
- 2022Direct Speech Translation for Automatic Subtitlingcited by 7
- 2023KIT's Multilingual Speech Translation System for IWSLT 2023cited by 7
- 2024NeKo: Cross-Modality Post-Recognition Error Correction with Tasks-Guided Mixture-of-Experts Language Modelcited by 7
- 2021CORAA: a large corpus of spontaneous and prepared speech manually validated for speech recognition in Brazilian Portuguesecited by 6
- 2025Hearing to Translate: The Effectiveness of Speech Modality Integration into LLMscited by 6
- 2021Pay Better Attention to Attention: Head Selection in Multilingual and Multi-Domain Sequence Modelingcited by 5
- 2021Zero-shot Speech Translationcited by 5
- 2023Duplex Diffusion Models Improve Speech-to-Speech Translationcited by 5
- 2025NAVER LABS Europe Submission to the Instruction-following Trackcited by 5
- 2026UltraEval-Audio: A Unified Framework for Comprehensive Evaluation of Audio Foundation Modelscited by 5
- 2022Tackling data scarcity in speech translation using zero-shot multilingual machine translation techniquescited by 4
- 2023Towards Real-World Streaming Speech Translation for Code-Switched Speechcited by 4
- 2024Multi-Modal Retrieval For Large Language Model Based Speech Recognitioncited by 4
- 2024MathBridge: A Large Corpus Dataset for Translating Spoken Mathematical Expressions into LaTeX Formulas for Improved Readabilitycited by 4
- 2025KIT's Offline Speech Translation and Instruction Following Submission for IWSLT 2025cited by 4
- 2025Reshaping Representation Space to Balance the Safety and Over-rejection in Large Audio Language Modelscited by 4
- 2022The YiTrans End-to-End Speech Translation System for IWSLT 2022 Offline Shared Taskcited by 3
- 2022Joint Speech Transcription and Translation: Pseudo-Labeling with Out-of-Distribution Datacited by 3
- 2024Representation Purification for End-to-End Speech Translationcited by 3
50 most cited of 73 All 73 (JSON)
- 2026Local Prototype Reconstruction for Text-Compatible Speech-to-LLM Bridge Pretraining8 Oct 2026
- 2026AVTrace: Diagnosing Audio-Visual Temporal Reasoning in Omni Models17 Sep 2026
- 2026NAVER LABS Europe Submission to the Instruction-following 2026 Short Track2 Jul 2026
- 2026Does Translation-Enhanced Speech Encoder Pre-training Affect Speech LLMs?24 Jun 2026
- 2026Evaluating Japanese Dialect Robustness Across Speech and Text-based Large Language Models24 Jun 2026
- 2026SPRI: SVD-Partitioned Residual Initialization for Data-Constrained MoE Upcycling15 Jun 2026
- 2026Multilingual Long-Form Speech Instruction Following: KIT's Submission to IWSLT 20263 Jun 2026
- 2026MUSCAT: MUltilingual, SCientific ConversATion Benchmark17 Apr 2026
- 2026Cross-Modal Robustness Transfer (CMRT): Training Robust Speech Translation Models Using Adversarial Text12 Feb 2026
- 2026SpeechMapper: Speech-to-text Embedding Projector for LLMs28 Jan 2026
- 2026A Benchmark for Audio Reasoning Capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models27 Jan 2026
- 2026UltraEval-Audio: A Unified Framework for Comprehensive Evaluation of Audio Foundation Models4 Jan 2026
38 more
- 2025Hearing to Translate: The Effectiveness of Speech Modality Integration into LLMs18 Dec 2025
- 2025OmniFusion: Simultaneous Multilingual Multimodal Translations via Modular Fusion28 Nov 2025
- 2025Ming-UniAudio: Speech LLM for Joint Understanding, Generation and Editing with Unified Representation26 Oct 2025
- 2025InteractiveOmni: A Unified Omni-modal Model for Audio-Visual Multi-turn Dialogue15 Oct 2025
- 2025Open ASR Leaderboard: Towards Reproducible and Transparent Multilingual and Long-Form Speech Recognition Evaluation8 Oct 2025
- 2025The Unheard Alternative: Contrastive Explanations for Speech-to-Text Models30 Sep 2025
- 2025DTW-Align: Bridging the Modality Gap in End-to-End Speech Translation with Dynamic Time Warping Alignment23 Sep 2025
- 2025Locate-and-Focus: Enhancing Terminology Translation in Speech Language Models24 Jul 2025
- 2025Ming-Omni: A Unified Multimodal Model for Perception and Generation11 Jun 2025
- 2025NAVER LABS Europe Submission to the Instruction-following Track2 Jun 2025
- 2025Reshaping Representation Space to Balance the Safety and Over-rejection in Large Audio Language Models26 May 2025
- 2025KIT's Offline Speech Translation and Instruction Following Submission for IWSLT 202519 May 2025
- 2025Perception, Reason, Think, and Plan: A Survey on Large Multimodal Reasoning Models8 May 2025
- 2025Capybara-OMNI: An Efficient Paradigm for Building Omni-Modal Language Models10 Apr 2025
- 2025M2-omni: Advancing Omni-MLLM for Comprehensive Modality Support with Competitive Performance26 Feb 2025
- 2025Speech Translation Refinement using Large Language Models25 Jan 2025
- 2024Representation Purification for End-to-End Speech Translation5 Dec 2024
- 2024NeKo: Cross-Modality Post-Recognition Error Correction with Tasks-Guided Mixture-of-Experts Language Model8 Nov 2024
- 2024Distilling an End-to-End Voice Assistant Without Instruction Training Data3 Oct 2024
- 2024MathBridge: A Large Corpus Dataset for Translating Spoken Mathematical Expressions into LaTeX Formulas for Improved Readability7 Aug 2024
- 2024Speech-MASSIVE: A Multilingual Speech Dataset for SLU and Beyond7 Aug 2024
- 2024Towards Achieving Human Parity on End-to-end Simultaneous Speech Translation via LLM Agent31 Jul 2024
- 2024Qwen2-Audio Technical Report15 Jul 2024
- 2024Finetuning End-to-End Models for Estonian Conversational Spoken Language Translation4 Jul 2024
- 2024Less is More: Accurate Speech Recognition & Translation without Web-Scale Data28 Jun 2024
- 2024Multi-Modal Retrieval For Large Language Model Based Speech Recognition13 Jun 2024
- 2024StreamSpeech: Simultaneous Speech-to-Speech Translation with Multi-task Learning5 Jun 2024
- 2024A Large-Scale Evaluation of Speech Foundation Models15 Apr 2024
- 2024OWSM-CTC: An Open Encoder-Only Speech Foundation Model for Speech Recognition, Translation, and Language Identification20 Feb 2024
- 2024Text2Data: Low-Resource Data Generation with Textual Control8 Feb 2024
- 2023Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Models14 Nov 2023
- 2023Towards Real-World Streaming Speech Translation for Code-Switched Speech19 Oct 2023
- 2023DASpeech: Directed Acyclic Transformer for Fast and High-quality Speech-to-Speech Translation11 Oct 2023
- 2023DecoderLens: Layerwise Interpretation of Encoder-Decoder Transformers5 Oct 2023
- 2023On decoder-only architecture for speech-to-text and large language model integration8 Jul 2023
- 2023AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listen22 Jun 2023
- 2023KIT's Multilingual Speech Translation System for IWSLT 20238 Jun 2023
- 2023Speech Translation with Foundation Models and Optimal Transport: UPC at IWSLT232 Jun 2023
50 newest of 73 All 73 (JSON)
- 2023Duplex Diffusion Models Improve Speech-to-Speech Translation22 May 2023
- 2023Qwen-Audio: Advancing Universal Audio Understanding via Unified Large-Scale Audio-Language Modelscited by 591
- 2024Qwen2-Audio Technical Reportcited by 543
- 2023AudioPaLM: A Large Language Model That Can Speak and Listencited by 333
- 2023On decoder-only architecture for speech-to-text and large language model integrationcited by 144
- 2021Textless Speech-to-Speech Translation on Real Datacited by 121
- 2021The Multilingual TEDx Corpus for Speech Recognition and Translationcited by 101
- 2022SUPERB-SG: Enhanced Speech processing Universal PERformance Benchmark for Semantic and Generative Capabilitiescited by 76
- 2021Translatotron 2: High-quality direct speech-to-speech translation with voice preservationcited by 69
- 2025Ming-Omni: A Unified Multimodal Model for Perception and Generationcited by 62
- 2023Prompting the Hidden Talent of Web-Scale Speech Models for Zero-Shot Task Generalizationcited by 43
- 2024A Large-Scale Evaluation of Speech Foundation Modelscited by 38
- 2024Distilling an End-to-End Voice Assistant Without Instruction Training Datacited by 35
12 most cited of 64 All 64 (JSON)
- 2026Local Prototype Reconstruction for Text-Compatible Speech-to-LLM Bridge Pretraining8 Oct 2026
- 2026NAVER LABS Europe Submission to the Instruction-following 2026 Short Track2 Jul 2026
- 2026Does Translation-Enhanced Speech Encoder Pre-training Affect Speech LLMs?24 Jun 2026
- 2026Evaluating Japanese Dialect Robustness Across Speech and Text-based Large Language Models24 Jun 2026
- 2026Multilingual Long-Form Speech Instruction Following: KIT's Submission to IWSLT 20263 Jun 2026
- 2026MUSCAT: MUltilingual, SCientific ConversATion Benchmark17 Apr 2026
- 2026Cross-Modal Robustness Transfer (CMRT): Training Robust Speech Translation Models Using Adversarial Text12 Feb 2026
- 2026SpeechMapper: Speech-to-text Embedding Projector for LLMs28 Jan 2026
- 2026UltraEval-Audio: A Unified Framework for Comprehensive Evaluation of Audio Foundation Models4 Jan 2026
- 2025Hearing to Translate: The Effectiveness of Speech Modality Integration into LLMs18 Dec 2025
- 2025OmniFusion: Simultaneous Multilingual Multimodal Translations via Modular Fusion28 Nov 2025
- 2025Ming-UniAudio: Speech LLM for Joint Understanding, Generation and Editing with Unified Representation26 Oct 2025
12 newest of 64 All 64 (JSON)