mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

SimGANs: Simulator-Based Generative Adversarial Networks for ECG Synthesis to Improve Deep ECG Classification

arXiv 2006.15353 ↗First posted 27 Jun 2020eess.SP cs.LGcited by 32

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Abstract (arXiv)

Generating training examples for supervised tasks is a long sought after goal in AI. We study the problem of heart signal electrocardiogram (ECG) synthesis for improved heartbeat classification. ECG synthesis is challenging: the generation of training examples for such biological-physiological systems is not straightforward, due to their dynamic nature in which the various parts of the system interact in complex ways. However, an understanding of these dynamics has been developed for years in the form of mathematical process simulators. We study how to incorporate this knowledge into the generative process by leveraging a biological simulator for the task of ECG classification. Specifically, we use a system of ordinary differential equations representing heart dynamics, and incorporate this ODE system into the optimization process of a generative adversarial network to create biologically plausible ECG training examples. We perform empirical evaluation and show that heart simulation knowledge during the generation process improves ECG classification.

Key facts. Cited by 32 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Jun 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 7; 2023: 6; 2024: 5; 2025: 5; 2026: 2.

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  1. 2021Physics-Integrated Variational Autoencoders for Robust and Interpretable Generative Modelingcited by 59
  2. 2024Generative Artificial Intelligence: A Systematic Review and Applicationscited by 37
  3. 2023Diffusion-based Conditional ECG Generation with Structured State Space Modelscited by 36
  4. 2025DiffuSETS: 12-lead ECG Generation Conditioned on Clinical Text Reports and Patient-Specific Informationcited by 16
  5. 2022ME-GAN: Learning Panoptic Electrocardio Representations for Multi-view ECG Synthesis Conditioned on Heart Diseasescited by 15
  6. 2023Text-to-ECG: 12-Lead Electrocardiogram Synthesis conditioned on Clinical Text Reportscited by 14
  7. 2021Spatiotemporal Data Mining: A Survey on Challenges and Open Problemscited by 13
  8. 2024Generative AI-Driven Human Digital Twin in IoT-Healthcare: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 11
  9. 2023Synthetic Data in Healthcarecited by 8
  10. 2025Simulator and Experience Enhanced Diffusion Model for Comprehensive ECG Generationcited by 8
  11. 2023Deep Generative Models for Physiological Signals: A Systematic Literature Reviewcited by 7
  12. 2024Personalized Heart Disease Detection via ECG Digital Twin Generationcited by 7
20 more
  1. 2021Synthesis of standard 12-lead electrocardiograms using two dimensional generative adversarial networkcited by 6
  2. 2021EvoGAN: An Evolutionary Computation Assisted GANcited by 6
  3. 2022A Personalized Zero-Shot ECG Arrhythmia Monitoring System: From Sparse Representation Based Domain Adaption to Energy Efficient Abnormal Beat Detection for Practical ECG Surveillancecited by 6
  4. 2021Learning interaction rules from multi-animal trajectories via augmented behavioral modelscited by 5
  5. 2022Leveraging Statistical Shape Priors in GAN-based ECG Synthesiscited by 4
  6. 2025FlowECG: Using Flow Matching to Create a More Efficient ECG Signal Generatorcited by 4
  7. 2021ECG-ATK-GAN: Robustness against Adversarial Attacks on ECGs using Conditional Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 2
  8. 2022Classification and Self-Supervised Regression of Arrhythmic ECG Signals Using Convolutional Neural Networkscited by 2
  9. 2022Conditional Generative Models for Simulation of EMG During Naturalistic Movementscited by 2
  10. 2023ECGAN: Self-supervised generative adversarial network for electrocardiographycited by 2
  11. 2023Bayesian ECG reconstruction using denoising diffusion generative modelscited by 2
  12. 2026Complementarity-Preserving Generative Theory for Multimodal ECG Synthesis: A Quantum-Inspired Approachcited by 2
  13. 2021ECG synthesis with Neural ODE and GAN modelscited by 1
  14. 2022Evolving SimGANs to Improve Abnormal Electrocardiogram Classificationcited by 1
  15. 2022CardiacGen: A Hierarchical Deep Generative Model for Cardiac Signalscited by 1
  16. 2024SSSD-ECG-nle: New Label Embeddings with Structured State-Space Models for ECG generationcited by 1
  17. 2025Conditional Electrocardiogram Generation Using Hierarchical Variational Autoencoderscited by 1
  18. 2024ODE-Constrained Generative Modeling of Cardiac Dynamics for 12-Lead ECG Synthesiscited by 0
  19. 2025MM-DADM: Multimodal Drug-Aware Diffusion Model for Virtual Clinical Trialscited by 0
  20. 2026Boosting ECG Classification Performance by Pre-training with Synthesized Datacited by 0