Poisson Learning: Graph Based Semi-Supervised Learning At Very Low Label Rates
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a new framework, called Poisson learning, for graph based semi-supervised learning at very low label rates. Poisson learning is motivated by the need to address the degeneracy of Laplacian semi-supervised learning in this regime. The method replaces the assignment of label values at training points with the placement of sources and sinks, and solves the resulting Poisson equation on the graph. The outcomes are provably more stable and informative than those of Laplacian learning. Poisson learning is efficient and simple to implement, and we present numerical experiments showing the method is superior to other recent approaches to semi-supervised learning at low label rates on MNIST, FashionMNIST, and Cifar-10. We also propose a graph-cut enhancement of Poisson learning, called Poisson MBO, that gives higher accuracy and can incorporate prior knowledge of relative class sizes.
Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 19 Jun 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 8; 2023: 7; 2024: 11; 2025: 7; 2026: 8.
49 papers.
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- 2021Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 79
- 2021Deep Metric Learning for Few-Shot Image Classification: A Review of Recent Developmentscited by 23
- 2021GraphHop: An Enhanced Label Propagation Method for Node Classificationcited by 15
- 2023From Coupled Oscillators to Graph Neural Networks: Reducing Over-smoothing via a Kuramoto Model-based Approachcited by 15
- 2023Few-shot Node Classification with Extremely Weak Supervisioncited by 14
- 2021Uniform Convergence Rates for Lipschitz Learning on Graphscited by 9
- 2021Model-Change Active Learning in Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 8
- 2022Hamilton-Jacobi equations on graphs with applications to semi-supervised learning and data depthcited by 7
- 2022Graph-based Active Learning for Semi-supervised Classification of SAR Datacited by 7
- 2023Cluster-aware Semi-supervised Learning: Relational Knowledge Distillation Provably Learns Clusteringcited by 7
- 2022Poisson Reweighted Laplacian Uncertainty Sampling for Graph-based Active Learningcited by 6
- 2023Random Matrix Analysis to Balance between Supervised and Unsupervised Learning under the Low Density Separation Assumptioncited by 6
37 more
- 2021PoissonSeg: Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation via Poisson Learningcited by 4
- 2023Novel Batch Active Learning Approach and Its Application to Synthetic Aperture Radar Datasetscited by 4
- 2024A mean curvature flow arising in adversarial trainingcited by 4
- 2021PPGN: Physics-Preserved Graph Networks for Real-Time Fault Location in Distribution Systems with Limited Observation and Labelscited by 3
- 2022Label Efficient Regularization and Propagation for Graph Node Classificationcited by 3
- 2024Consistency of semi-supervised learning, stochastic tug-of-war games, and the p-Laplaciancited by 3
- 2022Joint reconstruction-segmentation on graphscited by 2
- 2023Persistent Laplacian-enhanced Algorithm for Scarcely Labeled Data Classificationcited by 2
- 2023Multi-class Graph Clustering via Approximated Effective p-Resistancecited by 2
- 2024Improved Graph-based semi-supervised learning Schemescited by 2
- 2021Dual GNNs: Graph Neural Network Learning with Limited Supervisioncited by 1
- 2022Eikonal depth: an optimal control approach to statistical depthscited by 1
- 2022Digital Fingerprinting of Microstructurescited by 1
- 2024Hypergraph p-Laplacian regularization on point clouds for data interpolationcited by 1
- 2024MALADY: Multiclass Active Learning with Auction Dynamics on Graphscited by 1
- 2024Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Segregated Lipschitz Learningcited by 1
- 2025Advancing Local Clustering on Graphs via Compressive Sensing: Semi-supervised and Unsupervised Methodscited by 1
- 2025Higher-Order Regularization Learning on Hypergraphscited by 1
- 2026High-dimensional Semi-supervised Classification via the Fermat Distancecited by 1
- 2022Semi-supervised Learning on Large Graphs: is Poisson Learning a Game-Changer?cited by 0
- 2024Why the Metric Backbone Preserves Community Structurecited by 0
- 2024Interface Laplace Learning: Learnable Interface Term Helps Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 0
- 2024A Laplacian-based Quantum Graph Neural Network for Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 0
- 2024Neural Networks for Threshold Dynamics Reconstructioncited by 0
- 2024Momentum-based minimization of the Ginzburg-Landau functional on Euclidean spaces and graphscited by 0
- 2025Constraint Multi-class Positive and Unlabeled Learning for Distantly Supervised Named Entity Recognitioncited by 0
- 2025Sparse Techniques for Regression in Deep Gaussian Processescited by 0
- 2025Enhancement of Quantum Semi-Supervised Learning via Improved Laplacian and Poisson Methodscited by 0
- 2025Topology-Aware Active Learning on Graphscited by 0
- 2025ModSSC: A Modular Framework for Semi-Supervised Classification on Heterogeneous Datacited by 0
- 2026AI-enabled Satellite Edge Computing: A Single-Pixel Feature based Shallow Classification Model for Hyperspectral Imagingcited by 0
- 2026Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning via Maximum Discriminationcited by 0
- 2026STEPS: A Temporal Smooth Error Propagation Solver on the Manifolds for Test-Time Adaptation in Time Series Forecastingcited by 0
- 2026A Near-Linear-Time Solver for Graph p-Laplacian Semi-Supervised Learning via Continuation in pcited by 0
- 2026Fermat Active Laplace Learning for Semi-Supervised Hyperspectral Image Classificationcited by 0
- 2026A Unified Geometric Framework for Developmental Analysis of Spatial Transcriptomic Datacited by 0
- 2026Follow the Geometry, Not the Model: Cold Start Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 0
- 2026Follow the Geometry, Not the Model: Cold Start Semi-Supervised Learning13 Sep 2026
- 2026A Unified Geometric Framework for Developmental Analysis of Spatial Transcriptomic Data15 Aug 2026
- 2026Fermat Active Laplace Learning for Semi-Supervised Hyperspectral Image Classification3 Aug 2026
- 2026A Near-Linear-Time Solver for Graph p-Laplacian Semi-Supervised Learning via Continuation in p3 Jul 2026
- 2026STEPS: A Temporal Smooth Error Propagation Solver on the Manifolds for Test-Time Adaptation in Time Series Forecasting8 May 2026
- 2026High-dimensional Semi-supervised Classification via the Fermat Distance26 Apr 2026
- 2026Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning via Maximum Discrimination8 Feb 2026
- 2026AI-enabled Satellite Edge Computing: A Single-Pixel Feature based Shallow Classification Model for Hyperspectral Imaging26 Jan 2026
- 2025ModSSC: A Modular Framework for Semi-Supervised Classification on Heterogeneous Data15 Dec 2025
- 2025Higher-Order Regularization Learning on Hypergraphs30 Oct 2025
- 2025Topology-Aware Active Learning on Graphs29 Oct 2025
- 2025Enhancement of Quantum Semi-Supervised Learning via Improved Laplacian and Poisson Methods4 Aug 2025
37 more
- 2025Sparse Techniques for Regression in Deep Gaussian Processes16 May 2025
- 2025Advancing Local Clustering on Graphs via Compressive Sensing: Semi-supervised and Unsupervised Methods28 Apr 2025
- 2025Constraint Multi-class Positive and Unlabeled Learning for Distantly Supervised Named Entity Recognition7 Apr 2025
- 2024Momentum-based minimization of the Ginzburg-Landau functional on Euclidean spaces and graphs31 Dec 2024
- 2024Neural Networks for Threshold Dynamics Reconstruction12 Dec 2024
- 2024Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Segregated Lipschitz Learning5 Nov 2024
- 2024MALADY: Multiclass Active Learning with Auction Dynamics on Graphs14 Sep 2024
- 2024A Laplacian-based Quantum Graph Neural Network for Semi-Supervised Learning10 Aug 2024
- 2024Interface Laplace Learning: Learnable Interface Term Helps Semi-Supervised Learning10 Aug 2024
- 2024Improved Graph-based semi-supervised learning Schemes30 Jun 2024
- 2024Why the Metric Backbone Preserves Community Structure6 Jun 2024
- 2024Hypergraph p-Laplacian regularization on point clouds for data interpolation2 May 2024
- 2024A mean curvature flow arising in adversarial training22 Apr 2024
- 2024Consistency of semi-supervised learning, stochastic tug-of-war games, and the p-Laplacian15 Jan 2024
- 2023From Coupled Oscillators to Graph Neural Networks: Reducing Over-smoothing via a Kuramoto Model-based Approach6 Nov 2023
- 2023Random Matrix Analysis to Balance between Supervised and Unsupervised Learning under the Low Density Separation Assumption20 Oct 2023
- 2023Cluster-aware Semi-supervised Learning: Relational Knowledge Distillation Provably Learns Clustering20 Jul 2023
- 2023Novel Batch Active Learning Approach and Its Application to Synthetic Aperture Radar Datasets19 Jul 2023
- 2023Multi-class Graph Clustering via Approximated Effective p-Resistance14 Jun 2023
- 2023Persistent Laplacian-enhanced Algorithm for Scarcely Labeled Data Classification25 May 2023
- 2023Few-shot Node Classification with Extremely Weak Supervision6 Jan 2023
- 2022Poisson Reweighted Laplacian Uncertainty Sampling for Graph-based Active Learning27 Oct 2022
- 2022Joint reconstruction-segmentation on graphs11 Aug 2022
- 2022Label Efficient Regularization and Propagation for Graph Node Classification19 Apr 2022
- 2022Graph-based Active Learning for Semi-supervised Classification of SAR Data31 Mar 2022
- 2022Digital Fingerprinting of Microstructures25 Mar 2022
- 2022Semi-supervised Learning on Large Graphs: is Poisson Learning a Game-Changer?28 Feb 2022
- 2022Hamilton-Jacobi equations on graphs with applications to semi-supervised learning and data depth17 Feb 2022
- 2022Eikonal depth: an optimal control approach to statistical depths14 Jan 2022
- 2021Uniform Convergence Rates for Lipschitz Learning on Graphs24 Nov 2021
- 2021Model-Change Active Learning in Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learning14 Oct 2021
- 2021PoissonSeg: Semi-Supervised Few-Shot Medical Image Segmentation via Poisson Learning26 Aug 2021
- 2021PPGN: Physics-Preserved Graph Networks for Real-Time Fault Location in Distribution Systems with Limited Observation and Labels5 Jul 2021
- 2021Dual GNNs: Graph Neural Network Learning with Limited Supervision29 Jun 2021
- 2021Deep Metric Learning for Few-Shot Image Classification: A Review of Recent Developments17 May 2021
- 2021Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning: A Comprehensive Review26 Feb 2021
- 2021GraphHop: An Enhanced Label Propagation Method for Node Classification7 Jan 2021
- 2021Graph-based Semi-supervised Learning: A Comprehensive Reviewcited by 79
- 2021Deep Metric Learning for Few-Shot Image Classification: A Review of Recent Developmentscited by 23
- 2021GraphHop: An Enhanced Label Propagation Method for Node Classificationcited by 15
- 2023From Coupled Oscillators to Graph Neural Networks: Reducing Over-smoothing via a Kuramoto Model-based Approachcited by 15
- 2023Few-shot Node Classification with Extremely Weak Supervisioncited by 14
- 2021Uniform Convergence Rates for Lipschitz Learning on Graphscited by 9
- 2021Model-Change Active Learning in Graph-Based Semi-Supervised Learningcited by 8
- 2022Hamilton-Jacobi equations on graphs with applications to semi-supervised learning and data depthcited by 7
- 2022Graph-based Active Learning for Semi-supervised Classification of SAR Datacited by 7
- 2023Cluster-aware Semi-supervised Learning: Relational Knowledge Distillation Provably Learns Clusteringcited by 7
- 2022Poisson Reweighted Laplacian Uncertainty Sampling for Graph-based Active Learningcited by 6
- 2023Random Matrix Analysis to Balance between Supervised and Unsupervised Learning under the Low Density Separation Assumptioncited by 6
12 most cited of 49 All 49 (JSON)
- 2026Follow the Geometry, Not the Model: Cold Start Semi-Supervised Learning13 Sep 2026
- 2026A Unified Geometric Framework for Developmental Analysis of Spatial Transcriptomic Data15 Aug 2026
- 2026Fermat Active Laplace Learning for Semi-Supervised Hyperspectral Image Classification3 Aug 2026
- 2026A Near-Linear-Time Solver for Graph p-Laplacian Semi-Supervised Learning via Continuation in p3 Jul 2026
- 2026STEPS: A Temporal Smooth Error Propagation Solver on the Manifolds for Test-Time Adaptation in Time Series Forecasting8 May 2026
- 2026High-dimensional Semi-supervised Classification via the Fermat Distance26 Apr 2026
- 2026Graph-based Semi-Supervised Learning via Maximum Discrimination8 Feb 2026
- 2026AI-enabled Satellite Edge Computing: A Single-Pixel Feature based Shallow Classification Model for Hyperspectral Imaging26 Jan 2026
- 2025ModSSC: A Modular Framework for Semi-Supervised Classification on Heterogeneous Data15 Dec 2025
- 2025Higher-Order Regularization Learning on Hypergraphs30 Oct 2025
- 2025Topology-Aware Active Learning on Graphs29 Oct 2025
- 2025Enhancement of Quantum Semi-Supervised Learning via Improved Laplacian and Poisson Methods4 Aug 2025
12 newest of 49 All 49 (JSON)