Reinforcement Learning with Iterative Reasoning for Merging in Dense Traffic
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Abstract (arXiv)
Maneuvering in dense traffic is a challenging task for autonomous vehicles because it requires reasoning about the stochastic behaviors of many other participants. In addition, the agent must achieve the maneuver within a limited time and distance. In this work, we propose a combination of reinforcement learning and game theory to learn merging behaviors. We design a training curriculum for a reinforcement learning agent using the concept of level-k behavior. This approach exposes the agent to a broad variety of behaviors during training, which promotes learning policies that are robust to model discrepancies. We show that our approach learns more efficient policies than traditional training methods.
Key facts. Cited by 10 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 25 May 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 2; 2023: 1; 2024: 2; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
10 papers.
- 2024A Review of Reward Functions for Reinforcement Learning in the context of Autonomous Drivingcited by 17
- 2021DQ-GAT: Towards Safe and Efficient Autonomous Driving with Deep Q-Learning and Graph Attention Networkscited by 13
- 2022Spatiotemporal Costmap Inference for MPC via Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 10
- 2021Learning Interaction-aware Guidance Policies for Motion Planning in Dense Traffic Scenarioscited by 7
- 2021Learning Human Rewards by Inferring Their Latent Intelligence Levels in Multi-Agent Games: A Theory-of-Mind Approach with Application to Driving Datacited by 6
- 2024Informed Reinforcement Learning for Situation-Aware Traffic Rule Exceptionscited by 4
- 2022Deep Binary Reinforcement Learning for Scalable Verificationcited by 2
- 2025K-Level Policy Gradients for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 1
- 2023Zero-shot Transfer Learning of Driving Policy via Socially Adversarial Traffic Flowcited by 0
- 2026Intrinsic Vicarious Conditioning for Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Intrinsic Vicarious Conditioning for Deep Reinforcement Learning12 May 2026
- 2025K-Level Policy Gradients for Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning15 Sep 2025
- 2024A Review of Reward Functions for Reinforcement Learning in the context of Autonomous Driving12 Apr 2024
- 2024Informed Reinforcement Learning for Situation-Aware Traffic Rule Exceptions6 Feb 2024
- 2023Zero-shot Transfer Learning of Driving Policy via Socially Adversarial Traffic Flow25 Apr 2023
- 2022Deep Binary Reinforcement Learning for Scalable Verification11 Mar 2022
- 2022Spatiotemporal Costmap Inference for MPC via Deep Inverse Reinforcement Learning17 Jan 2022
- 2021DQ-GAT: Towards Safe and Efficient Autonomous Driving with Deep Q-Learning and Graph Attention Networks11 Aug 2021
- 2021Learning Interaction-aware Guidance Policies for Motion Planning in Dense Traffic Scenarios9 Jul 2021
- 2021Learning Human Rewards by Inferring Their Latent Intelligence Levels in Multi-Agent Games: A Theory-of-Mind Approach with Application to Driving Data7 Mar 2021