Grammatical gender associations outweigh topical gender bias in crosslinguistic word embeddings
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent research has demonstrated that vector space models of semantics can reflect undesirable biases in human culture. Our investigation of crosslinguistic word embeddings reveals that topical gender bias interacts with, and is surpassed in magnitude by, the effect of grammatical gender associations, and both may be attenuated by corpus lemmatization. This finding has implications for downstream applications such as machine translation.
Key facts. Cited by 9 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 May 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 0; 2026: 1.
9 papers.
- 2021RedditBias: A Real-World Resource for Bias Evaluation and Debiasing of Conversational Language Modelscited by 149
- 2022Theories of "Gender" in NLP Bias Researchcited by 62
- 2023Sociodemographic Bias in Language Models: A Survey and Forward Pathcited by 27
- 2021DebIE: A Platform for Implicit and Explicit Debiasing of Word Embedding Spacescited by 5
- 2022Measuring Gender Bias in Word Embeddings of Gendered Languages Requires Disentangling Grammatical Gender Signalscited by 5
- 2023Cross-lingual Transfer Can Worsen Bias in Sentiment Analysiscited by 3
- 2024Evaluating Short-Term Temporal Fluctuations of Social Biases in Social Media Data and Masked Language Modelscited by 3
- 2024Data Bias According to Bipol: Men are Naturally Right and It is the Role of Women to Follow Their Leadcited by 2
- 2026Estimating Grammatical Gender Directions in Contextual Embeddings under Controlled and Natural Contextscited by 0
- 2026Estimating Grammatical Gender Directions in Contextual Embeddings under Controlled and Natural Contexts29 Jun 2026
- 2024Evaluating Short-Term Temporal Fluctuations of Social Biases in Social Media Data and Masked Language Models19 Jun 2024
- 2024Data Bias According to Bipol: Men are Naturally Right and It is the Role of Women to Follow Their Lead7 Apr 2024
- 2023Sociodemographic Bias in Language Models: A Survey and Forward Path13 Jun 2023
- 2023Cross-lingual Transfer Can Worsen Bias in Sentiment Analysis22 May 2023
- 2022Measuring Gender Bias in Word Embeddings of Gendered Languages Requires Disentangling Grammatical Gender Signals3 Jun 2022
- 2022Theories of "Gender" in NLP Bias Research5 May 2022
- 2021RedditBias: A Real-World Resource for Bias Evaluation and Debiasing of Conversational Language Models7 Jun 2021
- 2021DebIE: A Platform for Implicit and Explicit Debiasing of Word Embedding Spaces11 Mar 2021