Visual Navigation Among Humans with Optimal Control as a Supervisor
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Abstract (arXiv)
Real world visual navigation requires robots to operate in unfamiliar, human-occupied dynamic environments. Navigation around humans is especially difficult because it requires anticipating their future motion, which can be quite challenging. We propose an approach that combines learning-based perception with model-based optimal control to navigate among humans based only on monocular, first-person RGB images. Our approach is enabled by our novel data-generation tool, HumANav that allows for photorealistic renderings of indoor environment scenes with humans in them, which are then used to train the perception module entirely in simulation. Through simulations and experiments on a mobile robot, we demonstrate that the learned navigation policies can anticipate and react to humans without explicitly predicting future human motion, generalize to previously unseen environments and human behaviors, and transfer directly from simulation to reality. Videos describing our approach and experiments, as well as a demo of HumANav are available on the project website.
Key facts. Cited by 12 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 20 Mar 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 1; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 4; 2025: 0; 2026: 3.
12 papers.
- 2024Aligning Large Language Models with Representation Editing: A Control Perspectivecited by 64
- 2022Learning Model Predictive Controllers with Real-Time Attention for Real-World Navigationcited by 29
- 2024NavRL: Learning Safe Flight in Dynamic Environmentscited by 26
- 2021A Survey on Human-aware Robot Navigationcited by 24
- 2024Reinforcement Learning for Collision-free Flight Exploiting Deep Collision Encodingcited by 13
- 2023HabiCrowd: A High Performance Simulator for Crowd-Aware Visual Navigationcited by 9
- 2022NavDreams: Towards Camera-Only RL Navigation Among Humanscited by 8
- 2026ReaDy-Go: Real-to-Sim Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting Simulation for Environment-Specific Visual Navigation with Moving Obstaclescited by 5
- 2024Distilling Privileged Information for Dubins Traveling Salesman Problems with Neighborhoodscited by 1
- 2026NavRL++: A System-Level Framework for Improving Sim-to-Real Transfer in Reinforcement Learning-Based Robot Navigationcited by 1
- 2023Learning Contact-based Navigation in Crowdscited by 0
- 2026Distilling Privileged Control Barrier Functions into RGB-Only Safety Filters for Dynamic Visual Navigationcited by 0
- 2026Distilling Privileged Control Barrier Functions into RGB-Only Safety Filters for Dynamic Visual Navigation29 Sep 2026
- 2026NavRL++: A System-Level Framework for Improving Sim-to-Real Transfer in Reinforcement Learning-Based Robot Navigation15 May 2026
- 2026ReaDy-Go: Real-to-Sim Dynamic 3D Gaussian Splatting Simulation for Environment-Specific Visual Navigation with Moving Obstacles12 Feb 2026
- 2024NavRL: Learning Safe Flight in Dynamic Environments24 Sep 2024
- 2024Aligning Large Language Models with Representation Editing: A Control Perspective10 Jun 2024
- 2024Distilling Privileged Information for Dubins Traveling Salesman Problems with Neighborhoods25 Apr 2024
- 2024Reinforcement Learning for Collision-free Flight Exploiting Deep Collision Encoding6 Feb 2024
- 2023HabiCrowd: A High Performance Simulator for Crowd-Aware Visual Navigation20 Jun 2023
- 2023Learning Contact-based Navigation in Crowds2 Mar 2023
- 2022Learning Model Predictive Controllers with Real-Time Attention for Real-World Navigation22 Sep 2022
- 2022NavDreams: Towards Camera-Only RL Navigation Among Humans23 Mar 2022
- 2021A Survey on Human-aware Robot Navigation22 Jun 2021