mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

X-Stance: A Multilingual Multi-Target Dataset for Stance Detection

arXiv 2003.08385 ↗First posted 18 Mar 2020cs.CLcited by 42

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Abstract (arXiv)

We extract a large-scale stance detection dataset from comments written by candidates of elections in Switzerland. The dataset consists of German, French and Italian text, allowing for a cross-lingual evaluation of stance detection. It contains 67 000 comments on more than 150 political issues (targets). Unlike stance detection models that have specific target issues, we use the dataset to train a single model on all the issues. To make learning across targets possible, we prepend to each instance a natural question that represents the target (e.g. "Do you support X?"). Baseline results from multilingual BERT show that zero-shot cross-lingual and cross-target transfer of stance detection is moderately successful with this approach.

Key facts. Cited by 42 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 18 Mar 2020.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 2; 2023: 9; 2024: 13; 2025: 9; 2026: 4.

42 papers.

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  1. 2021A Survey on Stance Detection for Mis- and Disinformation Identificationcited by 75
  2. 2021Adversarial Learning for Zero-Shot Stance Detection on Social Mediacited by 36
  3. 2021Few-Shot Cross-Lingual Stance Detection with Sentiment-Based Pre-Trainingcited by 28
  4. 2023Efficient Language Model Training through Cross-Lingual and Progressive Transfer Learningcited by 26
  5. 2024Towards an empirical understanding of MoE design choicescited by 20
  6. 2022Improved Target-specific Stance Detection on Social Media Platforms by Delving into Conversation Threadscited by 16
  7. 2024The Power of LLM-Generated Synthetic Data for Stance Detection in Online Political Discussionscited by 16
  8. 2023Unsupervised Layer-wise Score Aggregation for Textual OOD Detectioncited by 15
  9. 2023Automated stance detection in complex topics and small languages: the challenging case of immigration in polarizing news mediacited by 14
  10. 2021Probing Multilingual Language Models for Discoursecited by 12
  11. 2023SwissBERT: The Multilingual Language Model for Switzerlandcited by 8
  12. 2024A Survey of Stance Detection on Social Media: New Directions and Perspectivescited by 8
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  1. 2022Generative Entity-to-Entity Stance Detection with Knowledge Graph Augmentationcited by 6
  2. 2024Aligning Large Language Models with Diverse Political Viewpointscited by 6
  3. 2024ORCHID: A Chinese Debate Corpus for Target-Independent Stance Detection and Argumentative Dialogue Summarizationcited by 6
  4. 2024Benchmarking zero-shot stance detection with FlanT5-XXL: Insights from training data, prompting, and decoding strategies into its near-SoTA performancecited by 5
  5. 2024Zero-Shot Stance Detection using Contextual Data Generation with LLMscited by 5
  6. 2024The Lou Dataset -- Exploring the Impact of Gender-Fair Language in German Text Classificationcited by 5
  7. 2025Large Language Models Meet Stance Detection: A Survey of Tasks, Methods, Applications, Challenges and Future Directionscited by 5
  8. 2021Capturing Stance Dynamics in Social Media: Open Challenges and Research Directionscited by 4
  9. 2023How to Handle Different Types of Out-of-Distribution Scenarios in Computational Argumentation? A Comprehensive and Fine-Grained Field Studycited by 4
  10. 2025MOLE: Metadata Extraction and Validation in Scientific Papers Using LLMscited by 4
  11. 2025ArgInstruct: Specialized Instruction Fine-Tuning for Computational Argumentationcited by 4
  12. 2026SemEval-2026 Task 3: Dimensional Aspect-Based Sentiment Analysis (DimABSA)cited by 4
  13. 2024SQBC: Active Learning using LLM-Generated Synthetic Data for Stance Detection in Online Political Discussionscited by 3
  14. 2025Exploring Vision Language Models for Multimodal and Multilingual Stance Detectioncited by 3
  15. 2023Migration Reframed? A multilingual analysis on the stance shift in Europe during the Ukrainian crisiscited by 2
  16. 2025PoliCon: Evaluating LLMs on Achieving Diverse Political Consensus Objectivescited by 2
  17. 2023Deep Natural Language Feature Learning for Interpretable Predictioncited by 1
  18. 2024Zero-shot Cross-lingual Stance Detection via Adversarial Language Adaptationcited by 1
  19. 2024Overview of PerpectiveArg2024: The First Shared Task on Perspective Argument Retrievalcited by 1
  20. 2024Supporting Online Discussions: Integrating AI Into the adhocracy+ Participation Platform To Enhance Deliberationcited by 1
  21. 2024FarExStance: Explainable Stance Detection for Farsicited by 1
  22. 2025Misleading through Inconsistency: A Benchmark for Political Inconsistencies Detectioncited by 1
  23. 2023Voting Booklet Bias: Stance Detection in Swiss Federal Communicationcited by 0
  24. 2023UstanceBR: a social media language resource for stance predictioncited by 0
  25. 2025SCRum-9: Multilingual Stance Classification over Rumours on Social Mediacited by 0
  26. 2025Debiasing Large Language Models in Thai Political Stance Detection via Counterfactual Calibrationcited by 0
  27. 2025Multilingual Target-Stance Extractioncited by 0
  28. 2026Cultural Adaptation in Large Language Models for Political Discoursecited by 0
  29. 2026Rationale-Guided Knowledge Distillation for Cross-Lingual Stance Detectioncited by 0
  30. 2026SAGE: A Unified Algebra and Self-Adaptive Execution for AI Functions in SQLcited by 0