LIBRE: The Multiple 3D LiDAR Dataset
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this work, we present LIBRE: LiDAR Benchmarking and Reference, a first-of-its-kind dataset featuring 10 different LiDAR sensors, covering a range of manufacturers, models, and laser configurations. Data captured independently from each sensor includes three different environments and configurations: static targets, where objects were placed at known distances and measured from a fixed position within a controlled environment; adverse weather, where static obstacles were measured from a moving vehicle, captured in a weather chamber where LiDARs were exposed to different conditions (fog, rain, strong light); and finally, dynamic traffic, where dynamic objects were captured from a vehicle driven on public urban roads, multiple times at different times of the day, and including supporting sensors such as cameras, infrared imaging, and odometry devices. LIBRE will contribute to the research community to (1) provide a means for a fair comparison of currently available LiDARs, and (2) facilitate the improvement of existing self-driving vehicles and robotics-related software, in terms of development and tuning of LiDAR-based perception algorithms.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Mar 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 3; 2023: 7; 2024: 8; 2025: 3.
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- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of 3D Object Detection to Common Corruptions in Autonomous Drivingcited by 114
- 2021Fog Simulation on Real LiDAR Point Clouds for 3D Object Detection in Adverse Weathercited by 97
- 2022LiDAR Snowfall Simulation for Robust 3D Object Detectioncited by 73
- 2024A Survey on Autonomous Driving Datasets: Statistics, Annotation Quality, and a Future Outlookcited by 66
- 2021A Survey on Deep Domain Adaptation for LiDAR Perceptioncited by 47
- 2023Survey on LiDAR Perception in Adverse Weather Conditionscited by 24
- 2023Instant Domain Augmentation for LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 16
- 2023A Survey on Approximate Edge AI for Energy Efficient Autonomous Driving Servicescited by 14
- 2022A Survey of Robust 3D Object Detection Methods in Point Cloudscited by 10
- 2021Radar-to-Lidar: Heterogeneous Place Recognition via Joint Learningcited by 8
- 2022Analyzing Deep Learning Representations of Point Clouds for Real-Time In-Vehicle LiDAR Perceptioncited by 8
- 2024Cross-spectral Gated-RGB Stereo Depth Estimationcited by 8
14 more
- 2023Gated Stereo: Joint Depth Estimation from Gated and Wide-Baseline Active Stereo Cuescited by 7
- 2024Polarization Wavefront Lidar: Learning Large Scene Reconstruction from Polarized Wavefrontscited by 7
- 2024TripleMixer: A 3D Point Cloud Denoising Model for Adverse Weathercited by 7
- 2021Gated2Gated: Self-Supervised Depth Estimation from Gated Imagescited by 6
- 2021Perception Entropy: A Metric for Multiple Sensors Configuration Evaluation and Designcited by 5
- 2024VIFNet: An End-to-end Visible-Infrared Fusion Network for Image Dehazingcited by 5
- 2024HeLiMOS: A Dataset for Moving Object Segmentation in 3D Point Clouds From Heterogeneous LiDAR Sensorscited by 5
- 2023Predictive World Models from Real-World Partial Observationscited by 4
- 2024Improving Robustness of LiDAR-Camera Fusion Model against Weather Corruption from Fusion Strategy Perspectivecited by 4
- 2024Gated Fields: Learning Scene Reconstruction from Gated Videoscited by 3
- 2025APCoTTA: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation of Airborne LiDAR Point Cloudscited by 2
- 2023Analysis of LiDAR Configurations on Off-road Semantic Segmentation Performancecited by 1
- 2025Efficient Active Training for Deep LiDAR Odometrycited by 0
- 2025Semi-Supervised Diversity-Aware Domain Adaptation for 3D Object detectioncited by 0
- 2025Semi-Supervised Diversity-Aware Domain Adaptation for 3D Object detection31 Dec 2025
- 2025Efficient Active Training for Deep LiDAR Odometry3 Sep 2025
- 2025APCoTTA: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation of Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds15 May 2025
- 2024TripleMixer: A 3D Point Cloud Denoising Model for Adverse Weather25 Aug 2024
- 2024HeLiMOS: A Dataset for Moving Object Segmentation in 3D Point Clouds From Heterogeneous LiDAR Sensors12 Aug 2024
- 2024Polarization Wavefront Lidar: Learning Large Scene Reconstruction from Polarized Wavefronts5 Jun 2024
- 2024Gated Fields: Learning Scene Reconstruction from Gated Videos30 May 2024
- 2024Cross-spectral Gated-RGB Stereo Depth Estimation21 May 2024
- 2024VIFNet: An End-to-end Visible-Infrared Fusion Network for Image Dehazing11 Apr 2024
- 2024Improving Robustness of LiDAR-Camera Fusion Model against Weather Corruption from Fusion Strategy Perspective5 Feb 2024
- 2024A Survey on Autonomous Driving Datasets: Statistics, Annotation Quality, and a Future Outlook2 Jan 2024
- 2023Analysis of LiDAR Configurations on Off-road Semantic Segmentation Performance28 Jun 2023
14 more
- 2023Gated Stereo: Joint Depth Estimation from Gated and Wide-Baseline Active Stereo Cues22 May 2023
- 2023A Survey on Approximate Edge AI for Energy Efficient Autonomous Driving Services13 Apr 2023
- 2023Survey on LiDAR Perception in Adverse Weather Conditions13 Apr 2023
- 2023Instant Domain Augmentation for LiDAR Semantic Segmentation25 Mar 2023
- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of 3D Object Detection to Common Corruptions in Autonomous Driving20 Mar 2023
- 2023Predictive World Models from Real-World Partial Observations12 Jan 2023
- 2022Analyzing Deep Learning Representations of Point Clouds for Real-Time In-Vehicle LiDAR Perception26 Oct 2022
- 2022A Survey of Robust 3D Object Detection Methods in Point Clouds31 Mar 2022
- 2022LiDAR Snowfall Simulation for Robust 3D Object Detection28 Mar 2022
- 2021Gated2Gated: Self-Supervised Depth Estimation from Gated Images4 Dec 2021
- 2021Fog Simulation on Real LiDAR Point Clouds for 3D Object Detection in Adverse Weather11 Aug 2021
- 2021A Survey on Deep Domain Adaptation for LiDAR Perception4 Jun 2021
- 2021Perception Entropy: A Metric for Multiple Sensors Configuration Evaluation and Design14 Apr 2021
- 2021Radar-to-Lidar: Heterogeneous Place Recognition via Joint Learning30 Jan 2021
- 2023Predictive World Models from Real-World Partial Observations12 Jan 2023
- 2023Benchmarking Robustness of 3D Object Detection to Common Corruptions in Autonomous Drivingcited by 114
- 2021Fog Simulation on Real LiDAR Point Clouds for 3D Object Detection in Adverse Weathercited by 97
- 2022LiDAR Snowfall Simulation for Robust 3D Object Detectioncited by 73
- 2024A Survey on Autonomous Driving Datasets: Statistics, Annotation Quality, and a Future Outlookcited by 66
- 2021A Survey on Deep Domain Adaptation for LiDAR Perceptioncited by 47
- 2023Survey on LiDAR Perception in Adverse Weather Conditionscited by 24
- 2023Instant Domain Augmentation for LiDAR Semantic Segmentationcited by 16
- 2023A Survey on Approximate Edge AI for Energy Efficient Autonomous Driving Servicescited by 14
- 2022A Survey of Robust 3D Object Detection Methods in Point Cloudscited by 10
- 2021Radar-to-Lidar: Heterogeneous Place Recognition via Joint Learningcited by 8
- 2022Analyzing Deep Learning Representations of Point Clouds for Real-Time In-Vehicle LiDAR Perceptioncited by 8
- 2024Cross-spectral Gated-RGB Stereo Depth Estimationcited by 8
12 most cited of 25 All 25 (JSON)
- 2025Semi-Supervised Diversity-Aware Domain Adaptation for 3D Object detection31 Dec 2025
- 2025Efficient Active Training for Deep LiDAR Odometry3 Sep 2025
- 2025APCoTTA: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for Semantic Segmentation of Airborne LiDAR Point Clouds15 May 2025
- 2024TripleMixer: A 3D Point Cloud Denoising Model for Adverse Weather25 Aug 2024
- 2024HeLiMOS: A Dataset for Moving Object Segmentation in 3D Point Clouds From Heterogeneous LiDAR Sensors12 Aug 2024
- 2024Polarization Wavefront Lidar: Learning Large Scene Reconstruction from Polarized Wavefronts5 Jun 2024
- 2024Gated Fields: Learning Scene Reconstruction from Gated Videos30 May 2024
- 2024Cross-spectral Gated-RGB Stereo Depth Estimation21 May 2024
- 2024VIFNet: An End-to-end Visible-Infrared Fusion Network for Image Dehazing11 Apr 2024
- 2024Improving Robustness of LiDAR-Camera Fusion Model against Weather Corruption from Fusion Strategy Perspective5 Feb 2024
- 2024A Survey on Autonomous Driving Datasets: Statistics, Annotation Quality, and a Future Outlook2 Jan 2024
- 2023Analysis of LiDAR Configurations on Off-road Semantic Segmentation Performance28 Jun 2023
12 newest of 25 All 25 (JSON)