BitTensor: A Peer-to-Peer Intelligence Market
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Abstract (arXiv)
As with other commodities, markets could help us efficiently produce machine intelligence. We propose a market where intelligence is priced by other intelligence systems peer-to-peer across the internet. Peers rank each other by training neural networks which learn the value of their neighbors. Scores accumulate on a digital ledger where high ranking peers are monetarily rewarded with additional weight in the network. However, this form of peer-ranking is not resistant to collusion, which could disrupt the accuracy of the mechanism. The solution is a connectivity-based regularization which exponentially rewards trusted peers, making the system resistant to collusion of up to 50 percent of the network weight. The result is a collectively run intelligence market which continual produces newly trained models and pays contributors who create information theoretic value.
Key facts. Cited by 15 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Mar 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2024: 4; 2025: 5; 2026: 6.
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- 2024PLeaS -- Merging Models with Permutations and Least Squarescited by 16
- 2024SoK: Blockchain-Based Decentralized AI (DeAI)cited by 6
- 2025Ev-Trust: An Evolutionarily Stable Trust Mechanism for Decentralized LLM-Based Multi-Agent Service Economiescited by 3
- 2024A Review on Building Blocks of Decentralized Artificial Intelligencecited by 2
- 2025AI-Based Crypto Tokens: The Illusion of Decentralized AI?cited by 2
- 2024Merit-Based Sortition in Decentralized Systemscited by 0
- 2025Gradients: When Markets Meet Fine-tuning -- A Distributed Approach to Model Optimisationcited by 0
- 2025Context-Aware Inference via Performance Forecasting in Decentralized Learning Networkscited by 0
- 2025PrivaDE: Privacy-preserving Data Evaluation for Blockchain-based Data Marketplacescited by 0
- 2026MAGNET: Autonomous Expert Model Generation via Decentralized Autoresearch and BitNet Trainingcited by 0
- 2026HadAgent: Harness-Aware Decentralized Agentic AI Serving with Proof-of-Inference Blockchain Consensuscited by 0
- 2026Agentic, Context-Aware Risk Intelligence in the Internet of Valuecited by 0
- 2026SoK: Decentralized Agent Economic Infrastructure1 Oct 2026
- 2026Bittensor Agent Arenas as a Trajectory Primitive: Distilling a Shopping Agent from ShoppingBench Subnet Traces8 Jun 2026
- 2026SoK: A Systematic Bidirectional Literature Review of AI & DLT Convergence11 May 2026
- 2026Agentic, Context-Aware Risk Intelligence in the Internet of Value7 May 2026
- 2026HadAgent: Harness-Aware Decentralized Agentic AI Serving with Proof-of-Inference Blockchain Consensus15 Apr 2026
- 2026MAGNET: Autonomous Expert Model Generation via Decentralized Autoresearch and BitNet Training26 Mar 2026
- 2025Ev-Trust: An Evolutionarily Stable Trust Mechanism for Decentralized LLM-Based Multi-Agent Service Economies18 Dec 2025
- 2025PrivaDE: Privacy-preserving Data Evaluation for Blockchain-based Data Marketplaces20 Oct 2025
- 2025Context-Aware Inference via Performance Forecasting in Decentralized Learning Networks7 Oct 2025
- 2025Gradients: When Markets Meet Fine-tuning -- A Distributed Approach to Model Optimisation9 Jun 2025
- 2025AI-Based Crypto Tokens: The Illusion of Decentralized AI?29 Apr 2025
- 2024SoK: Blockchain-Based Decentralized AI (DeAI)26 Nov 2024
3 more
- 2025Ev-Trust: An Evolutionarily Stable Trust Mechanism for Decentralized LLM-Based Multi-Agent Service Economiescited by 3
- 2026HadAgent: Harness-Aware Decentralized Agentic AI Serving with Proof-of-Inference Blockchain Consensuscited by 0
- 2026Agentic, Context-Aware Risk Intelligence in the Internet of Valuecited by 0
- 2026Agentic, Context-Aware Risk Intelligence in the Internet of Value7 May 2026
- 2026HadAgent: Harness-Aware Decentralized Agentic AI Serving with Proof-of-Inference Blockchain Consensus15 Apr 2026
- 2025Ev-Trust: An Evolutionarily Stable Trust Mechanism for Decentralized LLM-Based Multi-Agent Service Economies18 Dec 2025
- 2024PLeaS -- Merging Models with Permutations and Least Squarescited by 16
- 2024SoK: Blockchain-Based Decentralized AI (DeAI)cited by 6
- 2024A Review on Building Blocks of Decentralized Artificial Intelligencecited by 2
- 2025AI-Based Crypto Tokens: The Illusion of Decentralized AI?cited by 2
- 2024Merit-Based Sortition in Decentralized Systemscited by 0
- 2025Gradients: When Markets Meet Fine-tuning -- A Distributed Approach to Model Optimisationcited by 0
- 2025Context-Aware Inference via Performance Forecasting in Decentralized Learning Networkscited by 0
- 2025PrivaDE: Privacy-preserving Data Evaluation for Blockchain-based Data Marketplacescited by 0
- 2026MAGNET: Autonomous Expert Model Generation via Decentralized Autoresearch and BitNet Trainingcited by 0
- 2026SoK: A Systematic Bidirectional Literature Review of AI & DLT Convergencecited by 0
- 2026SoK: Decentralized Agent Economic Infrastructurecited by 0
- 2026SoK: Decentralized Agent Economic Infrastructure1 Oct 2026
- 2026SoK: A Systematic Bidirectional Literature Review of AI & DLT Convergence11 May 2026
- 2026MAGNET: Autonomous Expert Model Generation via Decentralized Autoresearch and BitNet Training26 Mar 2026
- 2025PrivaDE: Privacy-preserving Data Evaluation for Blockchain-based Data Marketplaces20 Oct 2025
- 2025Context-Aware Inference via Performance Forecasting in Decentralized Learning Networks7 Oct 2025
- 2025Gradients: When Markets Meet Fine-tuning -- A Distributed Approach to Model Optimisation9 Jun 2025
- 2025AI-Based Crypto Tokens: The Illusion of Decentralized AI?29 Apr 2025
- 2024SoK: Blockchain-Based Decentralized AI (DeAI)26 Nov 2024
- 2024Merit-Based Sortition in Decentralized Systems11 Nov 2024
- 2024PLeaS -- Merging Models with Permutations and Least Squares2 Jul 2024
- 2024A Review on Building Blocks of Decentralized Artificial Intelligence5 Feb 2024