Jelly Bean World: A Testbed for Never-Ending Learning
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Abstract (arXiv)
Machine learning has shown growing success in recent years. However, current machine learning systems are highly specialized, trained for particular problems or domains, and typically on a single narrow dataset. Human learning, on the other hand, is highly general and adaptable. Never-ending learning is a machine learning paradigm that aims to bridge this gap, with the goal of encouraging researchers to design machine learning systems that can learn to perform a wider variety of inter-related tasks in more complex environments. To date, there is no environment or testbed to facilitate the development and evaluation of never-ending learning systems. To this end, we propose the Jelly Bean World testbed. The Jelly Bean World allows experimentation over two-dimensional grid worlds which are filled with items and in which agents can navigate. This testbed provides environments that are sufficiently complex and where more generally intelligent algorithms ought to perform better than current state-of-the-art reinforcement learning approaches. It does so by producing non-stationary environments and facilitating experimentation with multi-task, multi-agent, multi-modal, and curriculum learning settings. We hope that this new freely-available software will prompt new research and interest in the development and evaluation of never-ending learning systems and more broadly, general intelligence systems.
Key facts. Cited by 19 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 15 Feb 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 8; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 1; 2025: 5; 2026: 1.
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- 2021Continual World: A Robotic Benchmark For Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 116
- 2023A Definition of Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 101
- 2021CORA: Benchmarks, Baselines, and Metrics as a Platform for Continual Reinforcement Learning Agentscited by 38
- 2021Autonomous Reinforcement Learning: Formalism and Benchmarkingcited by 33
- 2021Continuous Coordination As a Realistic Scenario for Lifelong Learningcited by 32
- 2021Measuring Sample Efficiency and Generalization in Reinforcement Learning Benchmarks: NeurIPS 2020 Procgen Benchmarkcited by 23
- 2023Prediction and Control in Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 19
- 2025Rethinking the Foundations for Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
- 2024Position: Lifetime tuning is incompatible with continual reinforcement learningcited by 11
- 2022Reactive Exploration to Cope with Non-Stationarity in Lifelong Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2021Swift for TensorFlow: A portable, flexible platform for deep learningcited by 6
- 2021Explicit Explore, Exploit, or Escape (E4): near-optimal safety-constrained reinforcement learning in polynomial timecited by 6
7 more
- 2022Adaptive patch foraging in deep reinforcement learning agentscited by 3
- 2025Humans Coexist, So Must Embodied Artificial Agentscited by 2
- 2025The Cell Must Go On: Agar.io for Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2025Memory Allocation in Resource-Constrained Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2025An Empirical Study of Deep Reinforcement Learning in Continuing Taskscited by 1
- 2021Simultaneous Navigation and Construction Benchmarking Environmentscited by 0
- 2026Forager: a lightweight testbed for continual learning with partial observability in RLcited by 0
- 2026Forager: a lightweight testbed for continual learning with partial observability in RL1 May 2026
- 2025Memory Allocation in Resource-Constrained Reinforcement Learning9 Jun 2025
- 2025The Cell Must Go On: Agar.io for Continual Reinforcement Learning23 May 2025
- 2025Rethinking the Foundations for Continual Reinforcement Learning10 Apr 2025
- 2025Humans Coexist, So Must Embodied Artificial Agents7 Feb 2025
- 2025An Empirical Study of Deep Reinforcement Learning in Continuing Tasks12 Jan 2025
- 2024Position: Lifetime tuning is incompatible with continual reinforcement learning2 Apr 2024
- 2023Prediction and Control in Continual Reinforcement Learning18 Dec 2023
- 2023A Definition of Continual Reinforcement Learning20 Jul 2023
- 2022Adaptive patch foraging in deep reinforcement learning agents14 Oct 2022
- 2022Reactive Exploration to Cope with Non-Stationarity in Lifelong Reinforcement Learning12 Jul 2022
- 2021Autonomous Reinforcement Learning: Formalism and Benchmarking17 Dec 2021
7 more
- 2021Explicit Explore, Exploit, or Escape (E4): near-optimal safety-constrained reinforcement learning in polynomial time14 Nov 2021
- 2021CORA: Benchmarks, Baselines, and Metrics as a Platform for Continual Reinforcement Learning Agents19 Oct 2021
- 2021Continual World: A Robotic Benchmark For Continual Reinforcement Learning23 May 2021
- 2021Simultaneous Navigation and Construction Benchmarking Environments31 Mar 2021
- 2021Measuring Sample Efficiency and Generalization in Reinforcement Learning Benchmarks: NeurIPS 2020 Procgen Benchmark29 Mar 2021
- 2021Continuous Coordination As a Realistic Scenario for Lifelong Learning4 Mar 2021
- 2021Swift for TensorFlow: A portable, flexible platform for deep learning26 Feb 2021
- 2025Rethinking the Foundations for Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 15
- 2024Position: Lifetime tuning is incompatible with continual reinforcement learningcited by 11
- 2025The Cell Must Go On: Agar.io for Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2025Memory Allocation in Resource-Constrained Reinforcement Learningcited by 2
- 2025An Empirical Study of Deep Reinforcement Learning in Continuing Taskscited by 1
- 2026Forager: a lightweight testbed for continual learning with partial observability in RLcited by 0
- 2026Forager: a lightweight testbed for continual learning with partial observability in RL1 May 2026
- 2025Memory Allocation in Resource-Constrained Reinforcement Learning9 Jun 2025
- 2025The Cell Must Go On: Agar.io for Continual Reinforcement Learning23 May 2025
- 2025Rethinking the Foundations for Continual Reinforcement Learning10 Apr 2025
- 2025An Empirical Study of Deep Reinforcement Learning in Continuing Tasks12 Jan 2025
- 2024Position: Lifetime tuning is incompatible with continual reinforcement learning2 Apr 2024
- 2021Continual World: A Robotic Benchmark For Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 116
- 2023A Definition of Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 101
- 2021CORA: Benchmarks, Baselines, and Metrics as a Platform for Continual Reinforcement Learning Agentscited by 38
- 2021Autonomous Reinforcement Learning: Formalism and Benchmarkingcited by 33
- 2021Continuous Coordination As a Realistic Scenario for Lifelong Learningcited by 32
- 2021Measuring Sample Efficiency and Generalization in Reinforcement Learning Benchmarks: NeurIPS 2020 Procgen Benchmarkcited by 23
- 2023Prediction and Control in Continual Reinforcement Learningcited by 19
- 2022Reactive Exploration to Cope with Non-Stationarity in Lifelong Reinforcement Learningcited by 9
- 2021Swift for TensorFlow: A portable, flexible platform for deep learningcited by 6
- 2021Explicit Explore, Exploit, or Escape (E4): near-optimal safety-constrained reinforcement learning in polynomial timecited by 6
- 2022Adaptive patch foraging in deep reinforcement learning agentscited by 3
- 2025Humans Coexist, So Must Embodied Artificial Agentscited by 2
12 most cited of 13 All 13 (JSON)
- 2025Humans Coexist, So Must Embodied Artificial Agents7 Feb 2025
- 2023Prediction and Control in Continual Reinforcement Learning18 Dec 2023
- 2023A Definition of Continual Reinforcement Learning20 Jul 2023
- 2022Adaptive patch foraging in deep reinforcement learning agents14 Oct 2022
- 2022Reactive Exploration to Cope with Non-Stationarity in Lifelong Reinforcement Learning12 Jul 2022
- 2021Autonomous Reinforcement Learning: Formalism and Benchmarking17 Dec 2021
- 2021Explicit Explore, Exploit, or Escape (E4): near-optimal safety-constrained reinforcement learning in polynomial time14 Nov 2021
- 2021CORA: Benchmarks, Baselines, and Metrics as a Platform for Continual Reinforcement Learning Agents19 Oct 2021
- 2021Continual World: A Robotic Benchmark For Continual Reinforcement Learning23 May 2021
- 2021Simultaneous Navigation and Construction Benchmarking Environments31 Mar 2021
- 2021Measuring Sample Efficiency and Generalization in Reinforcement Learning Benchmarks: NeurIPS 2020 Procgen Benchmark29 Mar 2021
- 2021Continuous Coordination As a Realistic Scenario for Lifelong Learning4 Mar 2021
12 newest of 13 All 13 (JSON)