Asking Questions the Human Way: Scalable Question-Answer Generation from Text Corpus
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Abstract (arXiv)
The ability to ask questions is important in both human and machine intelligence. Learning to ask questions helps knowledge acquisition, improves question-answering and machine reading comprehension tasks, and helps a chatbot to keep the conversation flowing with a human. Existing question generation models are ineffective at generating a large amount of high-quality question-answer pairs from unstructured text, since given an answer and an input passage, question generation is inherently a one-to-many mapping. In this paper, we propose Answer-Clue-Style-aware Question Generation (ACS-QG), which aims at automatically generating high-quality and diverse question-answer pairs from unlabeled text corpus at scale by imitating the way a human asks questions. Our system consists of: i) an information extractor, which samples from the text multiple types of assistive information to guide question generation; ii) neural question generators, which generate diverse and controllable questions, leveraging the extracted assistive information; and iii) a neural quality controller, which removes low-quality generated data based on text entailment. We compare our question generation models with existing approaches and resort to voluntary human evaluation to assess the quality of the generated question-answer pairs. The evaluation results suggest that our system dramatically outperforms state-of-the-art neural question generation models in terms of the generation quality, while being scalable in the meantime. With models trained on a relatively smaller amount of data, we can generate 2.8 million quality-assured question-answer pairs from a million sentences found in Wikipedia.
Key facts. Cited by 40 papers in the map (data through 13 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 27 Jan 2020.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 11; 2022: 11; 2023: 8; 2024: 7; 2025: 3.
40 papers.
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- 2023ChatGPT Asks, BLIP-2 Answers: Automatic Questioning Towards Enriched Visual Descriptionscited by 86
- 2021Zero-shot Fact Verification by Claim Generationcited by 42
- 2021Controllable Open-ended Question Generation with A New Question Type Ontologycited by 36
- 2021Guiding the Growth: Difficulty-Controllable Question Generation through Step-by-Step Rewritingcited by 30
- 2022HIBRIDS: Attention with Hierarchical Biases for Structure-aware Long Document Summarizationcited by 23
- 2024Leveraging Large Language Models for Learning Complex Legal Concepts through Storytellingcited by 23
- 2022Question Generation for Reading Comprehension Assessment by Modeling How and What to Askcited by 20
- 2024Prompt-Based Length Controlled Generation with Multiple Control Typescited by 19
- 2024Text Generation: A Systematic Literature Review of Tasks, Evaluation, and Challengescited by 18
- 2022Selecting Better Samples from Pre-trained LLMs: A Case Study on Question Generationcited by 17
- 2022Low-Resource Dense Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 14
- 2023Prompt-Based Length Controlled Generation with Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
28 more
- 2021A Framework for Learning to Request Rich and Contextually Useful Information from Humanscited by 12
- 2022Synthetic Question Value Estimation for Domain Adaptation of Question Answeringcited by 12
- 2022QRelScore: Better Evaluating Generated Questions with Deeper Understanding of Context-aware Relevancecited by 9
- 2022QAScore -- An Unsupervised Unreferenced Metric for the Question Generation Evaluationcited by 9
- 2021OneStop QAMaker: Extract Question-Answer Pairs from Text in a One-Stop Approachcited by 7
- 2021Topic Transferable Table Question Answeringcited by 7
- 2023Arabic Fine-Grained Entity Recognitioncited by 6
- 2022Combining Data Generation and Active Learning for Low-Resource Question Answeringcited by 5
- 2021Asking Questions Like Educational Experts: Automatically Generating Question-Answer Pairs on Real-World Examination Datacited by 4
- 2024Graph Guided Question Answer Generation for Procedural Question-Answeringcited by 3
- 2024E-QGen: Educational Lecture Abstract-based Question Generation Systemcited by 3
- 2021Enhancing Question Generation with Commonsense Knowledgecited by 2
- 2021Generating Self-Contained and Summary-Centric Question Answer Pairs via Differentiable Reward Imitation Learningcited by 2
- 2021Towards More Robust Natural Language Understandingcited by 2
- 2022Unified Question Generation with Continual Lifelong Learningcited by 2
- 2022WikiOmnia: generative QA corpus on the whole Russian Wikipediacited by 2
- 2023Ask To The Point: Open-Domain Entity-Centric Question Generationcited by 2
- 2024FAQ-Gen: An automated system to generate domain-specific FAQs to aid content comprehensioncited by 2
- 2024Reference-based Metrics Disprove Themselves in Question Generationcited by 2
- 2025An overview of artificial intelligence in computer-assisted language learningcited by 2
- 2025Bringing legal knowledge to the public by constructing a legal question bank using large-scale pre-trained language modelcited by 2
- 2022DEIM: An effective deep encoding and interaction model for sentence matchingcited by 1
- 2023SkillQG: Learning to Generate Question for Reading Comprehension Assessmentcited by 1
- 2025Length Representations in Large Language Modelscited by 1
- 2021How to Build Robust FAQ Chatbot with Controllable Question Generator?cited by 0
- 2023GenQ: Automated Question Generation to Support Caregivers While Reading Stories with Childrencited by 0
- 2023Sampling and Ranking for Digital Ink Generation on a tight computational budgetcited by 0
- 2023KETM:A Knowledge-Enhanced Text Matching methodcited by 0
- 2025Length Representations in Large Language Models27 Jul 2025
- 2025Bringing legal knowledge to the public by constructing a legal question bank using large-scale pre-trained language model7 May 2025
- 2025An overview of artificial intelligence in computer-assisted language learning4 May 2025
- 2024Prompt-Based Length Controlled Generation with Multiple Control Types12 Jun 2024
- 2024Text Generation: A Systematic Literature Review of Tasks, Evaluation, and Challenges24 May 2024
- 2024E-QGen: Educational Lecture Abstract-based Question Generation System21 Apr 2024
- 2024Reference-based Metrics Disprove Themselves in Question Generation18 Mar 2024
- 2024Leveraging Large Language Models for Learning Complex Legal Concepts through Storytelling26 Feb 2024
- 2024FAQ-Gen: An automated system to generate domain-specific FAQs to aid content comprehension8 Feb 2024
- 2024Graph Guided Question Answer Generation for Procedural Question-Answering24 Jan 2024
- 2023Arabic Fine-Grained Entity Recognition26 Oct 2023
- 2023Ask To The Point: Open-Domain Entity-Centric Question Generation21 Oct 2023
28 more
- 2023Prompt-Based Length Controlled Generation with Reinforcement Learning23 Aug 2023
- 2023KETM:A Knowledge-Enhanced Text Matching method11 Aug 2023
- 2023Sampling and Ranking for Digital Ink Generation on a tight computational budget2 Jun 2023
- 2023GenQ: Automated Question Generation to Support Caregivers While Reading Stories with Children26 May 2023
- 2023SkillQG: Learning to Generate Question for Reading Comprehension Assessment8 May 2023
- 2023ChatGPT Asks, BLIP-2 Answers: Automatic Questioning Towards Enriched Visual Descriptions12 Mar 2023
- 2022Combining Data Generation and Active Learning for Low-Resource Question Answering27 Nov 2022
- 2022QAScore -- An Unsupervised Unreferenced Metric for the Question Generation Evaluation9 Oct 2022
- 2022Selecting Better Samples from Pre-trained LLMs: A Case Study on Question Generation22 Sep 2022
- 2022Low-Resource Dense Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering: A Comprehensive Survey5 Aug 2022
- 2022QRelScore: Better Evaluating Generated Questions with Deeper Understanding of Context-aware Relevance29 Apr 2022
- 2022WikiOmnia: generative QA corpus on the whole Russian Wikipedia17 Apr 2022
- 2022Question Generation for Reading Comprehension Assessment by Modeling How and What to Ask6 Apr 2022
- 2022HIBRIDS: Attention with Hierarchical Biases for Structure-aware Long Document Summarization21 Mar 2022
- 2022DEIM: An effective deep encoding and interaction model for sentence matching20 Mar 2022
- 2022Synthetic Question Value Estimation for Domain Adaptation of Question Answering16 Mar 2022
- 2022Unified Question Generation with Continual Lifelong Learning24 Jan 2022
- 2021Towards More Robust Natural Language Understanding1 Dec 2021
- 2021How to Build Robust FAQ Chatbot with Controllable Question Generator?18 Nov 2021
- 2021A Framework for Learning to Request Rich and Contextually Useful Information from Humans14 Oct 2021
- 2021Topic Transferable Table Question Answering15 Sep 2021
- 2021Asking Questions Like Educational Experts: Automatically Generating Question-Answer Pairs on Real-World Examination Data11 Sep 2021
- 2021Generating Self-Contained and Summary-Centric Question Answer Pairs via Differentiable Reward Imitation Learning10 Sep 2021
- 2021Controllable Open-ended Question Generation with A New Question Type Ontology1 Jul 2021
- 2021Enhancing Question Generation with Commonsense Knowledge19 Jun 2021
- 2021Zero-shot Fact Verification by Claim Generation31 May 2021
- 2021Guiding the Growth: Difficulty-Controllable Question Generation through Step-by-Step Rewriting25 May 2021
- 2021OneStop QAMaker: Extract Question-Answer Pairs from Text in a One-Stop Approach24 Feb 2021
- 2023ChatGPT Asks, BLIP-2 Answers: Automatic Questioning Towards Enriched Visual Descriptionscited by 86
- 2021Zero-shot Fact Verification by Claim Generationcited by 42
- 2021Controllable Open-ended Question Generation with A New Question Type Ontologycited by 36
- 2021Guiding the Growth: Difficulty-Controllable Question Generation through Step-by-Step Rewritingcited by 30
- 2022HIBRIDS: Attention with Hierarchical Biases for Structure-aware Long Document Summarizationcited by 23
- 2024Leveraging Large Language Models for Learning Complex Legal Concepts through Storytellingcited by 23
- 2022Question Generation for Reading Comprehension Assessment by Modeling How and What to Askcited by 20
- 2024Prompt-Based Length Controlled Generation with Multiple Control Typescited by 19
- 2024Text Generation: A Systematic Literature Review of Tasks, Evaluation, and Challengescited by 18
- 2022Selecting Better Samples from Pre-trained LLMs: A Case Study on Question Generationcited by 17
- 2022Low-Resource Dense Retrieval for Open-Domain Question Answering: A Comprehensive Surveycited by 14
- 2023Prompt-Based Length Controlled Generation with Reinforcement Learningcited by 14
12 most cited of 40 All 40 (JSON)
- 2025Length Representations in Large Language Models27 Jul 2025
- 2025Bringing legal knowledge to the public by constructing a legal question bank using large-scale pre-trained language model7 May 2025
- 2025An overview of artificial intelligence in computer-assisted language learning4 May 2025
- 2024Prompt-Based Length Controlled Generation with Multiple Control Types12 Jun 2024
- 2024Text Generation: A Systematic Literature Review of Tasks, Evaluation, and Challenges24 May 2024
- 2024E-QGen: Educational Lecture Abstract-based Question Generation System21 Apr 2024
- 2024Reference-based Metrics Disprove Themselves in Question Generation18 Mar 2024
- 2024Leveraging Large Language Models for Learning Complex Legal Concepts through Storytelling26 Feb 2024
- 2024FAQ-Gen: An automated system to generate domain-specific FAQs to aid content comprehension8 Feb 2024
- 2024Graph Guided Question Answer Generation for Procedural Question-Answering24 Jan 2024
- 2023Arabic Fine-Grained Entity Recognition26 Oct 2023
- 2023Ask To The Point: Open-Domain Entity-Centric Question Generation21 Oct 2023
12 newest of 40 All 40 (JSON)