mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Automatic Spanish Translation of the SQuAD Dataset for Multilingual Question Answering

arXiv 1912.05200 ↗First posted 11 Dec 2019cs.CLcited by 35

Not on the map. Why?

Abstract (arXiv)

Recently, multilingual question answering became a crucial research topic, and it is receiving increased interest in the NLP community. However, the unavailability of large-scale datasets makes it challenging to train multilingual QA systems with performance comparable to the English ones. In this work, we develop the Translate Align Retrieve (TAR) method to automatically translate the Stanford Question Answering Dataset (SQuAD) v1.1 to Spanish. We then used this dataset to train Spanish QA systems by fine-tuning a Multilingual-BERT model. Finally, we evaluated our QA models with the recently proposed MLQA and XQuAD benchmarks for cross-lingual Extractive QA. Experimental results show that our models outperform the previous Multilingual-BERT baselines achieving the new state-of-the-art value of 68.1 F1 points on the Spanish MLQA corpus and 77.6 F1 and 61.8 Exact Match points on the Spanish XQuAD corpus. The resulting, synthetically generated SQuAD-es v1.1 corpora, with almost 100% of data contained in the original English version, to the best of our knowledge, is the first large-scale QA training resource for Spanish.

Key facts. Cited by 35 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 11 Dec 2019.

Builds on

No reference list yet.

Built on by

Cited by year

Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 6; 2023: 8; 2024: 12; 2025: 3.

35 papers.

Sort:

By area:

  1. 2021mMARCO: A Multilingual Version of the MS MARCO Passage Ranking Datasetcited by 116
  2. 2021QA Dataset Explosion: A Taxonomy of NLP Resources for Question Answering and Reading Comprehensioncited by 91
  3. 2023Spanish Pre-trained BERT Model and Evaluation Datacited by 81
  4. 2022Generative Language Models for Paragraph-Level Question Generationcited by 28
  5. 2021English Machine Reading Comprehension Datasets: A Surveycited by 26
  6. 2023An Efficient Multilingual Language Model Compression through Vocabulary Trimmingcited by 19
  7. 2022PQuAD: A Persian Question Answering Datasetcited by 14
  8. 2021MergeDistill: Merging Pre-trained Language Models using Distillationcited by 13
  9. 2023A Practical Toolkit for Multilingual Question and Answer Generationcited by 10
  10. 2021Analyzing Zero-shot Cross-lingual Transfer in Supervised NLP Taskscited by 8
  11. 2022On the Usability of Transformers-based models for a French Question-Answering taskcited by 8
  12. 2025Do Sparse Autoencoders Generalize? A Case Study of Answerabilitycited by 8
23 more
  1. 2021FQuAD2.0: French Question Answering and knowing that you know nothingcited by 7
  2. 2024KazQAD: Kazakh Open-Domain Question Answering Datasetcited by 7
  3. 2022ALBETO and DistilBETO: Lightweight Spanish Language Modelscited by 6
  4. 2023Explanatory Argument Extraction of Correct Answers in Resident Medical Examscited by 6
  5. 2022RigoBERTa: A State-of-the-Art Language Model For Spanishcited by 5
  6. 2023PCoQA: Persian Conversational Question Answering Datasetcited by 5
  7. 2024PORTULAN ExtraGLUE Datasets and Models: Kick-starting a Benchmark for the Neural Processing of Portuguesecited by 5
  8. 2024TIGQA:An Expert Annotated Question Answering Dataset in Tigrinyacited by 5
  9. 2023Interpreting Indirect Answers to Yes-No Questions in Multiple Languagescited by 2
  10. 2022Question Answering and Question Generation for Finnishcited by 1
  11. 2024FairytaleQA Translated: Enabling Educational Question and Answer Generation in Less-Resourced Languagescited by 1
  12. 2024SynDARin: Synthesising Datasets for Automated Reasoning in Low-Resource Languagescited by 1
  13. 2024ACE-2005-PT: Corpus for Event Extraction in Portuguesecited by 1
  14. 2025Finnish SQuAD: A Simple Approach to Machine Translation of Span Annotationscited by 1
  15. 2023SkillNet-X: A Multilingual Multitask Model with Sparsely Activated Skillscited by 0
  16. 2023Language Model Knowledge Distillation for Efficient Question Answering in Spanishcited by 0
  17. 2024Building Efficient and Effective OpenQA Systems for Low-Resource Languagescited by 0
  18. 2024Synthetic Dataset Creation and Fine-Tuning of Transformer Models for Question Answering in Serbiancited by 0
  19. 2024EuSQuAD: Automatically Translated and Aligned SQuAD2.0 for Basquecited by 0
  20. 2024Translation of Multifaceted Data without Re-Training of Machine Translation Systemscited by 0
  21. 2024Datasets for Multilingual Answer Sentence Selectioncited by 0
  22. 2024Building a Rich Dataset to Empower the Persian Question Answering Systemscited by 0
  23. 2025Arctic-Extract Technical Reportcited by 0