Should All Cross-Lingual Embeddings Speak English?
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Most of recent work in cross-lingual word embeddings is severely Anglocentric. The vast majority of lexicon induction evaluation dictionaries are between English and another language, and the English embedding space is selected by default as the hub when learning in a multilingual setting. With this work, however, we challenge these practices. First, we show that the choice of hub language can significantly impact downstream lexicon induction performance. Second, we both expand the current evaluation dictionary collection to include all language pairs using triangulation, and also create new dictionaries for under-represented languages. Evaluating established methods over all these language pairs sheds light into their suitability and presents new challenges for the field. Finally, in our analysis we identify general guidelines for strong cross-lingual embeddings baselines, based on more than just Anglocentric experiments.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 8 Nov 2019.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 2; 2023: 2; 2024: 3; 2025: 1.
14 papers.
Sort:
- 2021The GEM Benchmark: Natural Language Generation, its Evaluation and Metricscited by 239
- 2021XTREME-R: Towards More Challenging and Nuanced Multilingual Evaluationcited by 168
- 2021Code-Mixing on Sesame Street: Dawn of the Adversarial Polyglotscited by 23
- 2022USCORE: An Effective Approach to Fully Unsupervised Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translationcited by 15
- 2021Wine is Not v i n. -- On the Compatibility of Tokenizations Across Languagescited by 8
- 2024An Efficient Approach for Studying Cross-Lingual Transfer in Multilingual Language Modelscited by 7
- 2023Average Is Not Enough: Caveats of Multilingual Evaluationcited by 5
- 2021Investigating Post-pretraining Representation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Question Answeringcited by 3
- 2025CLIRudit: Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval of Scientific Documentscited by 2
- 2022Multilingual Multimodality: A Taxonomical Survey of Datasets, Techniques, Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 1
- 2023Multilingual Word Embeddings for Low-Resource Languages using Anchors and a Chain of Related Languagescited by 1
- 2021Backretrieval: An Image-Pivoted Evaluation Metric for Cross-Lingual Text Representations Without Parallel Corporacited by 0
- 2025CLIRudit: Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval of Scientific Documents22 Apr 2025
- 2024A survey of neural-network-based methods utilising comparable data for finding translation equivalents19 Oct 2024
- 2024Decipherment-Aware Multilingual Learning in Jointly Trained Language Models11 Jun 2024
- 2024An Efficient Approach for Studying Cross-Lingual Transfer in Multilingual Language Models29 Mar 2024
- 2023Multilingual Word Embeddings for Low-Resource Languages using Anchors and a Chain of Related Languages21 Nov 2023
- 2023Average Is Not Enough: Caveats of Multilingual Evaluation3 Jan 2023
- 2022Multilingual Multimodality: A Taxonomical Survey of Datasets, Techniques, Challenges and Opportunities30 Oct 2022
- 2022USCORE: An Effective Approach to Fully Unsupervised Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translation21 Feb 2022
- 2021Investigating Post-pretraining Representation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Question Answering24 Sep 2021
- 2021Wine is Not v i n. -- On the Compatibility of Tokenizations Across Languages13 Sep 2021
- 2021Backretrieval: An Image-Pivoted Evaluation Metric for Cross-Lingual Text Representations Without Parallel Corpora11 May 2021
- 2021XTREME-R: Towards More Challenging and Nuanced Multilingual Evaluation15 Apr 2021
2 more
- 2021The GEM Benchmark: Natural Language Generation, its Evaluation and Metricscited by 239
- 2021XTREME-R: Towards More Challenging and Nuanced Multilingual Evaluationcited by 168
- 2021Code-Mixing on Sesame Street: Dawn of the Adversarial Polyglotscited by 23
- 2022USCORE: An Effective Approach to Fully Unsupervised Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translationcited by 15
- 2021Wine is Not v i n. -- On the Compatibility of Tokenizations Across Languagescited by 8
- 2024An Efficient Approach for Studying Cross-Lingual Transfer in Multilingual Language Modelscited by 7
- 2023Average Is Not Enough: Caveats of Multilingual Evaluationcited by 5
- 2021Investigating Post-pretraining Representation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Question Answeringcited by 3
- 2025CLIRudit: Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval of Scientific Documentscited by 2
- 2022Multilingual Multimodality: A Taxonomical Survey of Datasets, Techniques, Challenges and Opportunitiescited by 1
- 2023Multilingual Word Embeddings for Low-Resource Languages using Anchors and a Chain of Related Languagescited by 1
- 2021Backretrieval: An Image-Pivoted Evaluation Metric for Cross-Lingual Text Representations Without Parallel Corporacited by 0
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2025CLIRudit: Cross-Lingual Information Retrieval of Scientific Documents22 Apr 2025
- 2024A survey of neural-network-based methods utilising comparable data for finding translation equivalents19 Oct 2024
- 2024Decipherment-Aware Multilingual Learning in Jointly Trained Language Models11 Jun 2024
- 2024An Efficient Approach for Studying Cross-Lingual Transfer in Multilingual Language Models29 Mar 2024
- 2023Multilingual Word Embeddings for Low-Resource Languages using Anchors and a Chain of Related Languages21 Nov 2023
- 2023Average Is Not Enough: Caveats of Multilingual Evaluation3 Jan 2023
- 2022Multilingual Multimodality: A Taxonomical Survey of Datasets, Techniques, Challenges and Opportunities30 Oct 2022
- 2022USCORE: An Effective Approach to Fully Unsupervised Evaluation Metrics for Machine Translation21 Feb 2022
- 2021Investigating Post-pretraining Representation Alignment for Cross-Lingual Question Answering24 Sep 2021
- 2021Wine is Not v i n. -- On the Compatibility of Tokenizations Across Languages13 Sep 2021
- 2021Backretrieval: An Image-Pivoted Evaluation Metric for Cross-Lingual Text Representations Without Parallel Corpora11 May 2021
- 2021XTREME-R: Towards More Challenging and Nuanced Multilingual Evaluation15 Apr 2021
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)