E.T.-RNN: Applying Deep Learning to Credit Loan Applications
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper we present a novel approach to credit scoring of retail customers in the banking industry based on deep learning methods. We used RNNs on fine grained transnational data to compute credit scores for the loan applicants. We demonstrate that our approach significantly outperforms the baselines based on the customer data of a large European bank. We also conducted a pilot study on loan applicants of the bank, and the study produced significant financial gains for the organization. In addition, our method has several other advantages described in the paper that are very significant for the bank.
Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Nov 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 7; 2022: 4; 2023: 7; 2024: 4; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.
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- 2021DANets: Deep Abstract Networks for Tabular Data Classification and Regressioncited by 50
- 2021Consistent Counterfactuals for Deep Modelscited by 37
- 2021Leave-one-out Unfairnesscited by 36
- 2023TAP4LLM: Table Provider on Sampling, Augmenting, and Packing Semi-structured Data for Large Language Model Reasoningcited by 32
- 2021Adversarial Attacks on Deep Models for Financial Transaction Recordscited by 24
- 2024Multimodal Banking Dataset: Understanding Client Needs through Event Sequencescited by 9
- 2021FeatureEnVi: Visual Analytics for Feature Engineering Using Stepwise Selection and Semi-Automatic Extraction Approachescited by 7
- 2022RMT-Net: Reject-aware Multi-Task Network for Modeling Missing-not-at-random Data in Financial Credit Scoringcited by 5
- 2024Learning Transactions Representations for Information Management in Banks: Mastering Local, Global, and External Knowledgecited by 5
- 2021Bank transactions embeddings help to uncover current macroeconomicscited by 3
- 2022Taming Normalizing Flowscited by 3
- 2022Heterogeneous Information Network based Default Analysis on Banking Micro and Small Enterprise Userscited by 2
14 more
- 2022Analyzing Machine Learning Models for Credit Scoring with Explainable AI and Optimizing Investment Decisionscited by 2
- 2023Multi-Criteria Client Selection and Scheduling with Fairness Guarantee for Federated Learning Servicecited by 2
- 2024Uniting contrastive and generative learning for event sequences modelscited by 2
- 2025LATTE: Learning Aligned Transactions and Textual Embeddings for Bank Clientscited by 2
- 2023Inclusive FinTech Lending via Contrastive Learning and Domain Adaptationcited by 1
- 2021DNN2LR: Automatic Feature Crossing for Credit Scoringcited by 0
- 2023Continuous-time convolutions model of event sequencescited by 0
- 2023Vortex Feature Positioning: Bridging Tabular IIoT Data and Image-Based Deep Learningcited by 0
- 2023Designing an attack-defense game: how to increase robustness of financial transaction models via a competitioncited by 0
- 2023Data-driven Preference Learning Methods for Sorting Problems with Multiple Temporal Criteriacited by 0
- 2024Self-Attention Mechanism in Multimodal Context for Banking Transaction Flowcited by 0
- 2025Looking around you: external information enhances representations for event sequencescited by 0
- 2025TransactionGPTcited by 0
- 2026Beyond Isolated Clients: Integrating Graph-Based Embeddings into Event Sequence Modelscited by 0
- 2026Beyond Isolated Clients: Integrating Graph-Based Embeddings into Event Sequence Models10 Apr 2026
- 2025TransactionGPT12 Nov 2025
- 2025LATTE: Learning Aligned Transactions and Textual Embeddings for Bank Clients7 Aug 2025
- 2025Looking around you: external information enhances representations for event sequences14 Feb 2025
- 2024Self-Attention Mechanism in Multimodal Context for Banking Transaction Flow10 Oct 2024
- 2024Multimodal Banking Dataset: Understanding Client Needs through Event Sequences26 Sep 2024
- 2024Uniting contrastive and generative learning for event sequences models19 Aug 2024
- 2024Learning Transactions Representations for Information Management in Banks: Mastering Local, Global, and External Knowledge2 Apr 2024
- 2023TAP4LLM: Table Provider on Sampling, Augmenting, and Packing Semi-structured Data for Large Language Model Reasoning14 Dec 2023
- 2023Multi-Criteria Client Selection and Scheduling with Fairness Guarantee for Federated Learning Service5 Dec 2023
- 2023Data-driven Preference Learning Methods for Sorting Problems with Multiple Temporal Criteria22 Sep 2023
- 2023Designing an attack-defense game: how to increase robustness of financial transaction models via a competition22 Aug 2023
14 more
- 2023Inclusive FinTech Lending via Contrastive Learning and Domain Adaptation10 May 2023
- 2023Vortex Feature Positioning: Bridging Tabular IIoT Data and Image-Based Deep Learning16 Mar 2023
- 2023Continuous-time convolutions model of event sequences13 Feb 2023
- 2022Taming Normalizing Flows29 Nov 2022
- 2022Analyzing Machine Learning Models for Credit Scoring with Explainable AI and Optimizing Investment Decisions19 Sep 2022
- 2022RMT-Net: Reject-aware Multi-Task Network for Modeling Missing-not-at-random Data in Financial Credit Scoring1 Jun 2022
- 2022Heterogeneous Information Network based Default Analysis on Banking Micro and Small Enterprise Users24 Apr 2022
- 2021DANets: Deep Abstract Networks for Tabular Data Classification and Regression6 Dec 2021
- 2021Bank transactions embeddings help to uncover current macroeconomics14 Oct 2021
- 2021Consistent Counterfactuals for Deep Models6 Oct 2021
- 2021Leave-one-out Unfairness21 Jul 2021
- 2021Adversarial Attacks on Deep Models for Financial Transaction Records15 Jun 2021
- 2021FeatureEnVi: Visual Analytics for Feature Engineering Using Stepwise Selection and Semi-Automatic Extraction Approaches26 Mar 2021
- 2021DNN2LR: Automatic Feature Crossing for Credit Scoring24 Feb 2021
- 2021DANets: Deep Abstract Networks for Tabular Data Classification and Regressioncited by 50
- 2021Consistent Counterfactuals for Deep Modelscited by 37
- 2021Leave-one-out Unfairnesscited by 36
- 2021Adversarial Attacks on Deep Models for Financial Transaction Recordscited by 24
- 2024Multimodal Banking Dataset: Understanding Client Needs through Event Sequencescited by 9
- 2021FeatureEnVi: Visual Analytics for Feature Engineering Using Stepwise Selection and Semi-Automatic Extraction Approachescited by 7
- 2022RMT-Net: Reject-aware Multi-Task Network for Modeling Missing-not-at-random Data in Financial Credit Scoringcited by 5
- 2024Learning Transactions Representations for Information Management in Banks: Mastering Local, Global, and External Knowledgecited by 5
- 2021Bank transactions embeddings help to uncover current macroeconomicscited by 3
- 2022Taming Normalizing Flowscited by 3
- 2022Heterogeneous Information Network based Default Analysis on Banking Micro and Small Enterprise Userscited by 2
- 2022Analyzing Machine Learning Models for Credit Scoring with Explainable AI and Optimizing Investment Decisionscited by 2
12 most cited of 25 All 25 (JSON)
- 2026Beyond Isolated Clients: Integrating Graph-Based Embeddings into Event Sequence Models10 Apr 2026
- 2025TransactionGPT12 Nov 2025
- 2025LATTE: Learning Aligned Transactions and Textual Embeddings for Bank Clients7 Aug 2025
- 2025Looking around you: external information enhances representations for event sequences14 Feb 2025
- 2024Self-Attention Mechanism in Multimodal Context for Banking Transaction Flow10 Oct 2024
- 2024Multimodal Banking Dataset: Understanding Client Needs through Event Sequences26 Sep 2024
- 2024Uniting contrastive and generative learning for event sequences models19 Aug 2024
- 2024Learning Transactions Representations for Information Management in Banks: Mastering Local, Global, and External Knowledge2 Apr 2024
- 2023Multi-Criteria Client Selection and Scheduling with Fairness Guarantee for Federated Learning Service5 Dec 2023
- 2023Data-driven Preference Learning Methods for Sorting Problems with Multiple Temporal Criteria22 Sep 2023
- 2023Designing an attack-defense game: how to increase robustness of financial transaction models via a competition22 Aug 2023
- 2023Inclusive FinTech Lending via Contrastive Learning and Domain Adaptation10 May 2023
12 newest of 25 All 25 (JSON)