CAiRE: An Empathetic Neural Chatbot
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we present an end-to-end empathetic conversation agent CAiRE. Our system adapts TransferTransfo (Wolf et al., 2019) learning approach that fine-tunes a large-scale pre-trained language model with multi-task objectives: response language modeling, response prediction and dialogue emotion detection. We evaluate our model on the recently proposed empathetic-dialogues dataset (Rashkin et al., 2019), the experiment results show that CAiRE achieves state-of-the-art performance on dialogue emotion detection and empathetic response generation.
Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 28 Jul 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 2; 2023: 5; 2024: 2; 2025: 1.
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- 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Surveycited by 1,439
- 2023A Survey of Safety and Trustworthiness of Large Language Models through the Lens of Verification and Validationcited by 93
- 2022MISC: A MIxed Strategy-Aware Model Integrating COMET for Emotional Support Conversationcited by 85
- 2025Lifelong Learning of Large Language Model based Agents: A Roadmapcited by 83
- 2022Empathetic Conversational Systems: A Review of Current Advances, Gaps, and Opportunitiescited by 14
- 2023Comparing How a Chatbot References User Utterances from Previous Chatting Sessions: An Investigation of Users' Privacy Concerns and Perceptionscited by 8
- 2021CheerBots: Chatbots toward Empathy and Emotionusing Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
- 2021EmpBot: A T5-based Empathetic Chatbot focusing on Sentimentscited by 5
- 2023A Survey of Personality, Persona, and Profile in Conversational Agents and Chatbotscited by 5
- 2021Put Chatbot into Its Interlocutor's Shoes: New Framework to Learn Chatbot Responding with Intentioncited by 4
- 2021Coral: An Approach for Conversational Agents in Mental Health Applicationscited by 2
- 2023Character-level Chinese Backpack Language Modelscited by 1
- 2025Lifelong Learning of Large Language Model based Agents: A Roadmap13 Jan 2025
- 2024Socio-Emotional Response Generation: A Human Evaluation Protocol for LLM-Based Conversational Systems26 Nov 2024
- 2024Incorporating Different Verbal Cues to Improve Text-Based Computer-Delivered Health Messaging21 Apr 2024
- 2023A Survey of Personality, Persona, and Profile in Conversational Agents and Chatbots31 Dec 2023
- 2023Character-level Chinese Backpack Language Models19 Oct 2023
- 2023The Rise and Potential of Large Language Model Based Agents: A Survey14 Sep 2023
- 2023Comparing How a Chatbot References User Utterances from Previous Chatting Sessions: An Investigation of Users' Privacy Concerns and Perceptions9 Aug 2023
- 2023A Survey of Safety and Trustworthiness of Large Language Models through the Lens of Verification and Validation19 May 2023
- 2022Empathetic Conversational Systems: A Review of Current Advances, Gaps, and Opportunities9 May 2022
- 2022MISC: A MIxed Strategy-Aware Model Integrating COMET for Emotional Support Conversation25 Mar 2022
- 2021Coral: An Approach for Conversational Agents in Mental Health Applications16 Nov 2021
- 2021EmpBot: A T5-based Empathetic Chatbot focusing on Sentiments30 Oct 2021
- 2023Character-level Chinese Backpack Language Modelscited by 1
- 2023Character-level Chinese Backpack Language Models19 Oct 2023
- 2023A Survey of Safety and Trustworthiness of Large Language Models through the Lens of Verification and Validationcited by 93
- 2022MISC: A MIxed Strategy-Aware Model Integrating COMET for Emotional Support Conversationcited by 85
- 2022Empathetic Conversational Systems: A Review of Current Advances, Gaps, and Opportunitiescited by 14
- 2023Comparing How a Chatbot References User Utterances from Previous Chatting Sessions: An Investigation of Users' Privacy Concerns and Perceptionscited by 8
- 2021CheerBots: Chatbots toward Empathy and Emotionusing Reinforcement Learningcited by 7
- 2021EmpBot: A T5-based Empathetic Chatbot focusing on Sentimentscited by 5
- 2023A Survey of Personality, Persona, and Profile in Conversational Agents and Chatbotscited by 5
- 2021Put Chatbot into Its Interlocutor's Shoes: New Framework to Learn Chatbot Responding with Intentioncited by 4
- 2021Coral: An Approach for Conversational Agents in Mental Health Applicationscited by 2
- 2024Incorporating Different Verbal Cues to Improve Text-Based Computer-Delivered Health Messagingcited by 0
- 2024Socio-Emotional Response Generation: A Human Evaluation Protocol for LLM-Based Conversational Systemscited by 0
- 2024Socio-Emotional Response Generation: A Human Evaluation Protocol for LLM-Based Conversational Systems26 Nov 2024
- 2024Incorporating Different Verbal Cues to Improve Text-Based Computer-Delivered Health Messaging21 Apr 2024
- 2023A Survey of Personality, Persona, and Profile in Conversational Agents and Chatbots31 Dec 2023
- 2023Comparing How a Chatbot References User Utterances from Previous Chatting Sessions: An Investigation of Users' Privacy Concerns and Perceptions9 Aug 2023
- 2023A Survey of Safety and Trustworthiness of Large Language Models through the Lens of Verification and Validation19 May 2023
- 2022Empathetic Conversational Systems: A Review of Current Advances, Gaps, and Opportunities9 May 2022
- 2022MISC: A MIxed Strategy-Aware Model Integrating COMET for Emotional Support Conversation25 Mar 2022
- 2021Coral: An Approach for Conversational Agents in Mental Health Applications16 Nov 2021
- 2021EmpBot: A T5-based Empathetic Chatbot focusing on Sentiments30 Oct 2021
- 2021CheerBots: Chatbots toward Empathy and Emotionusing Reinforcement Learning8 Oct 2021
- 2021Put Chatbot into Its Interlocutor's Shoes: New Framework to Learn Chatbot Responding with Intention30 Mar 2021