Boundary and Entropy-driven Adversarial Learning for Fundus Image Segmentation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Accurate segmentation of the optic disc (OD) and cup (OC)in fundus images from different datasets is critical for glaucoma disease screening. The cross-domain discrepancy (domain shift) hinders the generalization of deep neural networks to work on different domain datasets.In this work, we present an unsupervised domain adaptation framework,called Boundary and Entropy-driven Adversarial Learning (BEAL), to improve the OD and OC segmentation performance, especially on the ambiguous boundary regions. In particular, our proposed BEAL frame-work utilizes the adversarial learning to encourage the boundary prediction and mask probability entropy map (uncertainty map) of the target domain to be similar to the source ones, generating more accurate boundaries and suppressing the high uncertainty predictions of OD and OC segmentation. We evaluate the proposed BEAL framework on two public retinal fundus image datasets (Drishti-GS and RIM-ONE-r3), and the experiment results demonstrate that our method outperforms the state-of-the-art unsupervised domain adaptation methods. Codes will be available at https://github.com/EmmaW8/BEAL.
Key facts. Cited by 46 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 26 Jun 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 5; 2022: 11; 2023: 13; 2024: 6; 2025: 5; 2026: 6.
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- 2023Medical SAM Adapter: Adapting Segment Anything Model for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 490
- 2022MedSegDiff: Medical Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Modelcited by 180
- 2024Medical SAM 2: Segment medical images as video via Segment Anything Model 2cited by 154
- 2023MedSegDiff-V2: Diffusion based Medical Image Segmentation with Transformercited by 124
- 2021Source-Free Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation with Denoised Pseudo-Labelingcited by 61
- 2021Applications of Deep Learning in Fundus Images: A Reviewcited by 59
- 2022REFUGE2 Challenge: A Treasure Trove for Multi-Dimension Analysis and Evaluation in Glaucoma Screeningcited by 38
- 2021Domain and Content Adaptive Convolution based Multi-Source Domain Generalization for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 30
- 2023Each Test Image Deserves A Specific Prompt: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for 2D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 29
- 2024Modality-agnostic Domain Generalizable Medical Image Segmentation by Multi-Frequency in Multi-Scale Attentioncited by 26
- 2023Deep learning for unsupervised domain adaptation in medical imaging: Recent advancements and future perspectivescited by 24
- 2023Source-Free Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation with Class-Balanced Mean Teachercited by 21
34 more
- 2022ProSFDA: Prompt Learning based Source-free Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 18
- 2022Target and Task specific Source-Free Domain Adaptive Image Segmentationcited by 13
- 2021Adapt Everywhere: Unsupervised Adaptation of Point-Clouds and Entropy Minimisation for Multi-modal Cardiac Image Segmentationcited by 11
- 2022Learning self-calibrated optic disc and cup segmentation from multi-rater annotationscited by 8
- 2023Context-Aware Pseudo-Label Refinement for Source-Free Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentationcited by 7
- 2022Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation with Category-level Regularizationcited by 6
- 2023Reconstruction-driven Dynamic Refinement based Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Joint Optic Disc and Cup Segmentationcited by 6
- 2024Timeline and Boundary Guided Diffusion Network for Video Shadow Detectioncited by 6
- 2023A Chebyshev Confidence Guided Source-Free Domain Adaptation Framework for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 5
- 2023Rapid Image Labeling via Neuro-Symbolic Learningcited by 4
- 2024Towards Clinician-Preferred Segmentation: Leveraging Human-in-the-Loop for Test Time Adaptation in Medical Image Segmentationcited by 4
- 2026Diffusion Model as a Generalist Segmentation Learnercited by 4
- 2022Opinions Vary? Diagnosis First!cited by 3
- 2022Calibrate the inter-observer segmentation uncertainty via diagnosis-first principlecited by 3
- 2022Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation with Few Labeled Source Datacited by 2
- 2022Multi-rater Prism: Learning self-calibrated medical image segmentation from multiple raterscited by 2
- 2023Black-box Source-free Domain Adaptation via Two-stage Knowledge Distillationcited by 2
- 2021HCDG: A Hierarchical Consistency Framework for Domain Generalization on Medical Image Segmentationcited by 1
- 2023Multi Task Consistency Guided Source-Free Test-Time Domain Adaptation Medical Image Segmentationcited by 1
- 2025Proxy Prompt: Endowing SAM and SAM 2 with Auto-Interactive-Prompt for Medical Segmentationcited by 1
- 2025Grad-CL: Source Free Domain Adaptation with Gradient Guided Feature Disalignmentcited by 1
- 2026SPEGC: Continual Test-Time Adaptation via Semantic-Prompt-Enhanced Graph Clustering for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 1
- 2026Weakly Supervised Segmentation as Semantic-Based Regularizationcited by 1
- 2022High-Resolution Boundary Detection for Medical Image Segmentation with Piece-Wise Two-Sample T-Test Augmented Losscited by 0
- 2023Distribution Aligned Diffusion and Prototype-guided network for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Segmentationcited by 0
- 2023Local-Global Pseudo-label Correction for Source-free Domain Adaptive Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
- 2024Integrating Edge Information into Ground Truth for the Segmentation of the Optic Disc and Cup from Fundus Imagescited by 0
- 2024Day-Night Adaptation: An Innovative Source-free Adaptation Framework for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025TransGUNet: Transformer Meets Graph-based Skip Connection for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
- 2025Robust Source-Free Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Segmentation based on Curriculum Learningcited by 0
- 2025Aligning What You Separate: Denoised Patch Mixing for Source-Free Domain Adaptation in Medical Image Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026Nested Radially Monotone Polar Occupancy Estimation: Clinically-Grounded Optic Disc and Cup Segmentation for Glaucoma Screeningcited by 0
- 2026MedFlowSeg: Flow Matching for Medical Image Segmentation with Frequency-Aware Attentioncited by 0
- 2026OptiModNet: A UNet-Transformer Hybrid with Grouped-Query and Channel Attention for Optic Disc and Cup Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026OptiModNet: A UNet-Transformer Hybrid with Grouped-Query and Channel Attention for Optic Disc and Cup Segmentation19 Aug 2026
- 2026Weakly Supervised Segmentation as Semantic-Based Regularization13 May 2026
- 2026Diffusion Model as a Generalist Segmentation Learner27 Apr 2026
- 2026MedFlowSeg: Flow Matching for Medical Image Segmentation with Frequency-Aware Attention21 Apr 2026
- 2026Nested Radially Monotone Polar Occupancy Estimation: Clinically-Grounded Optic Disc and Cup Segmentation for Glaucoma Screening10 Apr 2026
- 2026SPEGC: Continual Test-Time Adaptation via Semantic-Prompt-Enhanced Graph Clustering for Medical Image Segmentation12 Mar 2026
- 2025Aligning What You Separate: Denoised Patch Mixing for Source-Free Domain Adaptation in Medical Image Segmentation29 Oct 2025
- 2025Robust Source-Free Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Segmentation based on Curriculum Learning9 Oct 2025
- 2025Grad-CL: Source Free Domain Adaptation with Gradient Guided Feature Disalignment12 Sep 2025
- 2025TransGUNet: Transformer Meets Graph-based Skip Connection for Medical Image Segmentation14 Feb 2025
- 2025Proxy Prompt: Endowing SAM and SAM 2 with Auto-Interactive-Prompt for Medical Segmentation5 Feb 2025
- 2024Day-Night Adaptation: An Innovative Source-free Adaptation Framework for Medical Image Segmentation17 Oct 2024
34 more
- 2024Timeline and Boundary Guided Diffusion Network for Video Shadow Detection21 Aug 2024
- 2024Integrating Edge Information into Ground Truth for the Segmentation of the Optic Disc and Cup from Fundus Images9 Aug 2024
- 2024Medical SAM 2: Segment medical images as video via Segment Anything Model 21 Aug 2024
- 2024Towards Clinician-Preferred Segmentation: Leveraging Human-in-the-Loop for Test Time Adaptation in Medical Image Segmentation14 May 2024
- 2024Modality-agnostic Domain Generalizable Medical Image Segmentation by Multi-Frequency in Multi-Scale Attention10 May 2024
- 2023Each Test Image Deserves A Specific Prompt: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for 2D Medical Image Segmentation30 Nov 2023
- 2023A Chebyshev Confidence Guided Source-Free Domain Adaptation Framework for Medical Image Segmentation27 Oct 2023
- 2023Multi Task Consistency Guided Source-Free Test-Time Domain Adaptation Medical Image Segmentation18 Oct 2023
- 2023Local-Global Pseudo-label Correction for Source-free Domain Adaptive Medical Image Segmentation28 Aug 2023
- 2023Context-Aware Pseudo-Label Refinement for Source-Free Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation15 Aug 2023
- 2023Deep learning for unsupervised domain adaptation in medical imaging: Recent advancements and future perspectives18 Jul 2023
- 2023Source-Free Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation with Class-Balanced Mean Teacher14 Jul 2023
- 2023Rapid Image Labeling via Neuro-Symbolic Learning18 Jun 2023
- 2023Black-box Source-free Domain Adaptation via Two-stage Knowledge Distillation13 May 2023
- 2023Medical SAM Adapter: Adapting Segment Anything Model for Medical Image Segmentation25 Apr 2023
- 2023Reconstruction-driven Dynamic Refinement based Unsupervised Domain Adaptation for Joint Optic Disc and Cup Segmentation10 Apr 2023
- 2023Distribution Aligned Diffusion and Prototype-guided network for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Segmentation22 Mar 2023
- 2023MedSegDiff-V2: Diffusion based Medical Image Segmentation with Transformer19 Jan 2023
- 2022Multi-rater Prism: Learning self-calibrated medical image segmentation from multiple raters1 Dec 2022
- 2022ProSFDA: Prompt Learning based Source-free Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Segmentation21 Nov 2022
- 2022High-Resolution Boundary Detection for Medical Image Segmentation with Piece-Wise Two-Sample T-Test Augmented Loss4 Nov 2022
- 2022MedSegDiff: Medical Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Model1 Nov 2022
- 2022Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation with Few Labeled Source Data10 Oct 2022
- 2022Calibrate the inter-observer segmentation uncertainty via diagnosis-first principle5 Aug 2022
- 2022Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation with Category-level Regularization8 Jul 2022
- 2022Learning self-calibrated optic disc and cup segmentation from multi-rater annotations10 Jun 2022
- 2022Target and Task specific Source-Free Domain Adaptive Image Segmentation29 Mar 2022
- 2022REFUGE2 Challenge: A Treasure Trove for Multi-Dimension Analysis and Evaluation in Glaucoma Screening18 Feb 2022
- 2022Opinions Vary? Diagnosis First!14 Feb 2022
- 2021Source-Free Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation with Denoised Pseudo-Labeling19 Sep 2021
- 2021HCDG: A Hierarchical Consistency Framework for Domain Generalization on Medical Image Segmentation13 Sep 2021
- 2021Domain and Content Adaptive Convolution based Multi-Source Domain Generalization for Medical Image Segmentation13 Sep 2021
- 2021Adapt Everywhere: Unsupervised Adaptation of Point-Clouds and Entropy Minimisation for Multi-modal Cardiac Image Segmentation15 Mar 2021
- 2021Applications of Deep Learning in Fundus Images: A Review25 Jan 2021
- 2022MedSegDiff: Medical Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Modelcited by 180
- 2023MedSegDiff-V2: Diffusion based Medical Image Segmentation with Transformercited by 124
- 2024Timeline and Boundary Guided Diffusion Network for Video Shadow Detectioncited by 6
- 2026Diffusion Model as a Generalist Segmentation Learnercited by 4
- 2023Distribution Aligned Diffusion and Prototype-guided network for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Segmentationcited by 0
- 2026MedFlowSeg: Flow Matching for Medical Image Segmentation with Frequency-Aware Attentioncited by 0
- 2026Diffusion Model as a Generalist Segmentation Learner27 Apr 2026
- 2026MedFlowSeg: Flow Matching for Medical Image Segmentation with Frequency-Aware Attention21 Apr 2026
- 2024Timeline and Boundary Guided Diffusion Network for Video Shadow Detection21 Aug 2024
- 2023Distribution Aligned Diffusion and Prototype-guided network for Unsupervised Domain Adaptive Segmentation22 Mar 2023
- 2023MedSegDiff-V2: Diffusion based Medical Image Segmentation with Transformer19 Jan 2023
- 2022MedSegDiff: Medical Image Segmentation with Diffusion Probabilistic Model1 Nov 2022
- 2023Medical SAM Adapter: Adapting Segment Anything Model for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 490
- 2024Medical SAM 2: Segment medical images as video via Segment Anything Model 2cited by 154
- 2021Source-Free Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation with Denoised Pseudo-Labelingcited by 61
- 2021Applications of Deep Learning in Fundus Images: A Reviewcited by 59
- 2022REFUGE2 Challenge: A Treasure Trove for Multi-Dimension Analysis and Evaluation in Glaucoma Screeningcited by 38
- 2021Domain and Content Adaptive Convolution based Multi-Source Domain Generalization for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 30
- 2023Each Test Image Deserves A Specific Prompt: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for 2D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 29
- 2024Modality-agnostic Domain Generalizable Medical Image Segmentation by Multi-Frequency in Multi-Scale Attentioncited by 26
- 2023Deep learning for unsupervised domain adaptation in medical imaging: Recent advancements and future perspectivescited by 24
- 2023Source-Free Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation with Class-Balanced Mean Teachercited by 21
- 2022ProSFDA: Prompt Learning based Source-free Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Segmentationcited by 18
- 2022Target and Task specific Source-Free Domain Adaptive Image Segmentationcited by 13
12 most cited of 39 All 39 (JSON)
- 2026OptiModNet: A UNet-Transformer Hybrid with Grouped-Query and Channel Attention for Optic Disc and Cup Segmentation19 Aug 2026
- 2026Weakly Supervised Segmentation as Semantic-Based Regularization13 May 2026
- 2026Nested Radially Monotone Polar Occupancy Estimation: Clinically-Grounded Optic Disc and Cup Segmentation for Glaucoma Screening10 Apr 2026
- 2026SPEGC: Continual Test-Time Adaptation via Semantic-Prompt-Enhanced Graph Clustering for Medical Image Segmentation12 Mar 2026
- 2025Aligning What You Separate: Denoised Patch Mixing for Source-Free Domain Adaptation in Medical Image Segmentation29 Oct 2025
- 2025Robust Source-Free Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Segmentation based on Curriculum Learning9 Oct 2025
- 2025Grad-CL: Source Free Domain Adaptation with Gradient Guided Feature Disalignment12 Sep 2025
- 2025TransGUNet: Transformer Meets Graph-based Skip Connection for Medical Image Segmentation14 Feb 2025
- 2025Proxy Prompt: Endowing SAM and SAM 2 with Auto-Interactive-Prompt for Medical Segmentation5 Feb 2025
- 2024Day-Night Adaptation: An Innovative Source-free Adaptation Framework for Medical Image Segmentation17 Oct 2024
- 2024Integrating Edge Information into Ground Truth for the Segmentation of the Optic Disc and Cup from Fundus Images9 Aug 2024
- 2024Medical SAM 2: Segment medical images as video via Segment Anything Model 21 Aug 2024
12 newest of 39 All 39 (JSON)