mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Detecting Photoshopped Faces by Scripting Photoshop

arXiv 1906.05856 ↗First posted 13 Jun 2019cs.CVcited by 55

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Abstract (arXiv)

Most malicious photo manipulations are created using standard image editing tools, such as Adobe Photoshop. We present a method for detecting one very popular Photoshop manipulation -- image warping applied to human faces -- using a model trained entirely using fake images that were automatically generated by scripting Photoshop itself. We show that our model outperforms humans at the task of recognizing manipulated images, can predict the specific location of edits, and in some cases can be used to "undo" a manipulation to reconstruct the original, unedited image. We demonstrate that the system can be successfully applied to real, artist-created image manipulations.

Key facts. Cited by 55 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 13 Jun 2019.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 11; 2022: 8; 2023: 17; 2024: 11; 2025: 3; 2026: 5.

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  1. 2023Towards Universal Fake Image Detectors that Generalize Across Generative Modelscited by 483
  2. 2023DIRE for Diffusion-Generated Image Detectioncited by 386
  3. 2021Multi-attentional Deepfake Detectioncited by 339
  4. 2023The Stable Signature: Rooting Watermarks in Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 289
  5. 2024A Sanity Check for AI-generated Image Detectioncited by 187
  6. 2023Evading Watermark based Detection of AI-Generated Contentcited by 74
  7. 2023Shadows Don't Lie and Lines Can't Bend! Generative Models don't know Projective Geometry...for nowcited by 61
  8. 2023Online Detection of AI-Generated Imagescited by 55
  9. 2021Enjoy Your Editing: Controllable GANs for Image Editing via Latent Space Navigationcited by 53
  10. 2021The 2021 Image Similarity Dataset and Challengecited by 44
  11. 2023Detecting Images Generated by Deep Diffusion Models using their Local Intrinsic Dimensionalitycited by 44
  12. 2023Perceptual Artifacts Localization for Image Synthesis Taskscited by 43
38 more
  1. 2022Detecting and Recovering Sequential DeepFake Manipulationcited by 34
  2. 2024WildFake: A Large-scale Challenging Dataset for AI-Generated Images Detectioncited by 31
  3. 2023Exploring the Naturalness of AI-Generated Imagescited by 22
  4. 2024Mixture of Low-rank Experts for Transferable AI-Generated Image Detectioncited by 21
  5. 2023EXIF as Language: Learning Cross-Modal Associations Between Images and Camera Metadatacited by 17
  6. 2023Detecting Deepfakes Without Seeing Anycited by 17
  7. 2021OSCAR-Net: Object-centric Scene Graph Attention for Image Attributioncited by 15
  8. 2023MMNet: Multi-Collaboration and Multi-Supervision Network for Sequential Deepfake Detectioncited by 15
  9. 2021Multi-Modal Semantic Inconsistency Detection in Social Media News Postscited by 10
  10. 2022VideoFACT: Detecting Video Forgeries Using Attention, Scene Context, and Forensic Tracescited by 9
  11. 2024Semantic Contextualization of Face Forgery: A New Definition, Dataset, and Detection Methodcited by 8
  12. 2024Wavelet-Driven Generalizable Framework for Deepfake Face Forgery Detectioncited by 8
  13. 2021VPN: Video Provenance Network for Robust Content Attributioncited by 7
  14. 2025DiffDoctor: Diagnosing Image Diffusion Models Before Treatingcited by 7
  15. 2022Structure-Aware Flow Generation for Human Body Reshapingcited by 6
  16. 2023VADER: Video Alignment Differencing and Retrievalcited by 6
  17. 2024Conditioned Prompt-Optimization for Continual Deepfake Detectioncited by 6
  18. 2023RetouchingFFHQ: A Large-scale Dataset for Fine-grained Face Retouching Detectioncited by 5
  19. 2024ASAP: Interpretable Analysis and Summarization of AI-generated Image Patterns at Scalecited by 5
  20. 2026OmniShotCut: Holistic Relational Shot Boundary Detection with Shot-Query Transformercited by 5
  21. 2023Combat AI With AI: Counteract Machine-Generated Fake Restaurant Reviews on Social Mediacited by 4
  22. 2023Robust Sequential DeepFake Detectioncited by 4
  23. 2024Semantics-Oriented Multitask Learning for DeepFake Detection: A Joint Embedding Approachcited by 4
  24. 2022Psychophysical Evaluation of Human Performance in Detecting Digital Face Image Manipulationscited by 3
  25. 2022Totems: Physical Objects for Verifying Visual Integritycited by 3
  26. 2021Effects of Image Compression on Face Image Manipulation Detection: A Case Study on Facial Retouchingcited by 2
  27. 2024MAD-Sherlock: Multi-Agent Debate for Visual Misinformation Detectioncited by 2
  28. 2021[RE] CNN-generated images are surprisingly easy to spot...for nowcited by 1
  29. 2022ARIA: Adversarially Robust Image Attribution for Content Provenancecited by 1
  30. 2022SImProv: Scalable Image Provenance Framework for Robust Content Attributioncited by 1
  31. 2023Grand Challenge On Detecting Cheapfakescited by 1
  32. 2025Noise-Coded Illumination for Forensic and Photometric Video Analysiscited by 1
  33. 2025Unraveling Hidden Representations: A Multi-Modal Layer Analysis for Better Synthetic Content Forensicscited by 1
  34. 2021Identifying Human Edited Images using a CNNcited by 0
  35. 2021Detecting and Segmenting Adversarial Graphics Patterns from Imagescited by 0
  36. 2021A Review of Web Infodemic Analysis and Detection Trends across Multi-modalities using Deep Neural Networkscited by 0
  37. 2022Review Neural Networks about Image Transformation Based on IGC Learning Framework with Annotated Informationcited by 0
  38. 2024Structure-Aware Human Body Reshaping with Adaptive Affinity-Graph Networkcited by 0

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