Truly Batch Apprenticeship Learning with Deep Successor Features
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Abstract (arXiv)
We introduce a novel apprenticeship learning algorithm to learn an expert's underlying reward structure in off-policy model-free batch settings. Unlike existing methods that require a dynamics model or additional data acquisition for on-policy evaluation, our algorithm requires only the batch data of observed expert behavior. Such settings are common in real-world tasks---health care, finance or industrial processes ---where accurate simulators do not exist or data acquisition is costly. To address challenges in batch settings, we introduce Deep Successor Feature Networks(DSFN) that estimate feature expectations in an off-policy setting and a transition-regularized imitation network that produces a near-expert initial policy and an efficient feature representation. Our algorithm achieves superior results in batch settings on both control benchmarks and a vital clinical task of sepsis management in the Intensive Care Unit.
Key facts. Cited by 27 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 24 Mar 2019.
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Citing papers per year: 2019: 1; 2020: 1; 2021: 7; 2022: 3; 2023: 6; 2024: 5; 2025: 1; 2026: 3.
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- 2021IQ-Learn: Inverse soft-Q Learning for Imitationcited by 191
- 2021Scalable Bayesian Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 56
- 2023Benchmarks and Algorithms for Offline Preference-Based Reward Learningcited by 55
- 2020Strictly Batch Imitation Learning by Energy-based Distribution Matchingcited by 54
- 2023When Demonstrations Meet Generative World Models: A Maximum Likelihood Framework for Offline Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 26
- 2021PsiPhi-Learning: Reinforcement Learning with Demonstrations using Successor Features and Inverse Temporal Difference Learningcited by 23
- 2023CLARE: Conservative Model-Based Reward Learning for Offline Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 20
- 2022Benchmarking Constraint Inference in Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 18
- 2021Offline Preference-Based Apprenticeship Learningcited by 17
- 2022Dynamics-Aware Comparison of Learned Reward Functionscited by 17
- 2019Inverse Reinforcement Learning in Contextual MDPscited by 12
- 2021Inverse Contextual Bandits: Learning How Behavior Evolves over Timecited by 12
15 more
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- 2023Inverse Decision Modeling: Learning Interpretable Representations of Behaviorcited by 10
- 2024Non-Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learning via Successor Feature Matchingcited by 10
- 2021Successor Feature Sets: Generalizing Successor Representations Across Policiescited by 6
- 2022Basis for Intentions: Efficient Inverse Reinforcement Learning using Past Experiencecited by 4
- 2024Predictive representations: building blocks of intelligencecited by 4
- 2024Markov Balance Satisfaction Improves Performance in Strictly Batch Offline Imitation Learningcited by 3
- 2023Conditional Kernel Imitation Learning for Continuous State Environmentscited by 2
- 2025Language Model Distillation: A Temporal Difference Imitation Learning Perspectivecited by 2
- 2026A Generalized Apprenticeship Learning Framework for Capturing Evolving Student Pedagogical Strategiescited by 2
- 2023Replicating Complex Dialogue Policy of Humans via Offline Imitation Learning with Supervised Regularizationcited by 1
- 2024OMG-RL:Offline Model-based Guided Reward Learning for Heparin Treatmentcited by 1
- 2021Extracting Expert's Goals by What-if Interpretable Modelingcited by 0
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- 2026A Generalized Apprenticeship Learning Framework for Capturing Evolving Student Pedagogical Strategies24 Feb 2026
- 2025Language Model Distillation: A Temporal Difference Imitation Learning Perspective24 May 2025
- 2024Non-Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learning via Successor Feature Matching11 Nov 2024
- 2024OMG-RL:Offline Model-based Guided Reward Learning for Heparin Treatment20 Sep 2024
- 2024Markov Balance Satisfaction Improves Performance in Strictly Batch Offline Imitation Learning17 Aug 2024
- 2024How to Leverage Diverse Demonstrations in Offline Imitation Learning24 May 2024
- 2024Predictive representations: building blocks of intelligence9 Feb 2024
- 2023Inverse Decision Modeling: Learning Interpretable Representations of Behavior28 Oct 2023
- 2023Conditional Kernel Imitation Learning for Continuous State Environments24 Aug 2023
- 2023Replicating Complex Dialogue Policy of Humans via Offline Imitation Learning with Supervised Regularization6 May 2023
15 more
- 2023When Demonstrations Meet Generative World Models: A Maximum Likelihood Framework for Offline Inverse Reinforcement Learning15 Feb 2023
- 2023CLARE: Conservative Model-Based Reward Learning for Offline Inverse Reinforcement Learning9 Feb 2023
- 2023Benchmarks and Algorithms for Offline Preference-Based Reward Learning3 Jan 2023
- 2022Basis for Intentions: Efficient Inverse Reinforcement Learning using Past Experience9 Aug 2022
- 2022Benchmarking Constraint Inference in Inverse Reinforcement Learning20 Jun 2022
- 2022Dynamics-Aware Comparison of Learned Reward Functions25 Jan 2022
- 2021Extracting Expert's Goals by What-if Interpretable Modeling28 Oct 2021
- 2021Offline Preference-Based Apprenticeship Learning20 Jul 2021
- 2021Inverse Contextual Bandits: Learning How Behavior Evolves over Time13 Jul 2021
- 2021IQ-Learn: Inverse soft-Q Learning for Imitation23 Jun 2021
- 2021Successor Feature Sets: Generalizing Successor Representations Across Policies3 Mar 2021
- 2021PsiPhi-Learning: Reinforcement Learning with Demonstrations using Successor Features and Inverse Temporal Difference Learning24 Feb 2021
- 2021Scalable Bayesian Inverse Reinforcement Learning12 Feb 2021
- 2020Strictly Batch Imitation Learning by Energy-based Distribution Matching25 Jun 2020
- 2019Inverse Reinforcement Learning in Contextual MDPs23 May 2019
- 2021IQ-Learn: Inverse soft-Q Learning for Imitationcited by 191
- 2021Scalable Bayesian Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 56
- 2020Strictly Batch Imitation Learning by Energy-based Distribution Matchingcited by 54
- 2023CLARE: Conservative Model-Based Reward Learning for Offline Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 20
- 2021Offline Preference-Based Apprenticeship Learningcited by 17
- 2019Inverse Reinforcement Learning in Contextual MDPscited by 12
- 2024How to Leverage Diverse Demonstrations in Offline Imitation Learningcited by 11
- 2024Non-Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learning via Successor Feature Matchingcited by 10
- 2022Basis for Intentions: Efficient Inverse Reinforcement Learning using Past Experiencecited by 4
- 2024Markov Balance Satisfaction Improves Performance in Strictly Batch Offline Imitation Learningcited by 3
- 2023Conditional Kernel Imitation Learning for Continuous State Environmentscited by 2
- 2025Language Model Distillation: A Temporal Difference Imitation Learning Perspectivecited by 2
12 most cited of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2026Quantifying Potential Observation Missingness in Inverse Reinforcement Learning12 May 2026
- 2025Language Model Distillation: A Temporal Difference Imitation Learning Perspective24 May 2025
- 2024Non-Adversarial Inverse Reinforcement Learning via Successor Feature Matching11 Nov 2024
- 2024Markov Balance Satisfaction Improves Performance in Strictly Batch Offline Imitation Learning17 Aug 2024
- 2024How to Leverage Diverse Demonstrations in Offline Imitation Learning24 May 2024
- 2023Conditional Kernel Imitation Learning for Continuous State Environments24 Aug 2023
- 2023Replicating Complex Dialogue Policy of Humans via Offline Imitation Learning with Supervised Regularization6 May 2023
- 2023CLARE: Conservative Model-Based Reward Learning for Offline Inverse Reinforcement Learning9 Feb 2023
- 2022Basis for Intentions: Efficient Inverse Reinforcement Learning using Past Experience9 Aug 2022
- 2021Offline Preference-Based Apprenticeship Learning20 Jul 2021
- 2021IQ-Learn: Inverse soft-Q Learning for Imitation23 Jun 2021
- 2021Scalable Bayesian Inverse Reinforcement Learning12 Feb 2021
12 newest of 14 All 14 (JSON)
- 2021PsiPhi-Learning: Reinforcement Learning with Demonstrations using Successor Features and Inverse Temporal Difference Learningcited by 23
- 2022Benchmarking Constraint Inference in Inverse Reinforcement Learningcited by 18
- 2022Dynamics-Aware Comparison of Learned Reward Functionscited by 17
- 2021Inverse Contextual Bandits: Learning How Behavior Evolves over Timecited by 12
- 2023Inverse Decision Modeling: Learning Interpretable Representations of Behaviorcited by 10
- 2021Successor Feature Sets: Generalizing Successor Representations Across Policiescited by 6
- 2024Predictive representations: building blocks of intelligencecited by 4
- 2026A Generalized Apprenticeship Learning Framework for Capturing Evolving Student Pedagogical Strategiescited by 2
- 2024OMG-RL:Offline Model-based Guided Reward Learning for Heparin Treatmentcited by 1
- 2021Extracting Expert's Goals by What-if Interpretable Modelingcited by 0
- 2026A Generalized Apprenticeship Learning Framework for Capturing Evolving Student Pedagogical Strategies24 Feb 2026
- 2024OMG-RL:Offline Model-based Guided Reward Learning for Heparin Treatment20 Sep 2024
- 2024Predictive representations: building blocks of intelligence9 Feb 2024
- 2023Inverse Decision Modeling: Learning Interpretable Representations of Behavior28 Oct 2023
- 2022Benchmarking Constraint Inference in Inverse Reinforcement Learning20 Jun 2022
- 2022Dynamics-Aware Comparison of Learned Reward Functions25 Jan 2022
- 2021Extracting Expert's Goals by What-if Interpretable Modeling28 Oct 2021
- 2021Inverse Contextual Bandits: Learning How Behavior Evolves over Time13 Jul 2021
- 2021Successor Feature Sets: Generalizing Successor Representations Across Policies3 Mar 2021
- 2021PsiPhi-Learning: Reinforcement Learning with Demonstrations using Successor Features and Inverse Temporal Difference Learning24 Feb 2021