mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

On Finding Gray Pixels

arXiv 1901.03198 ↗First posted 9 Jan 2019cs.CVcited by 26

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Abstract (arXiv)

We propose a novel grayness index for finding gray pixels and demonstrate its effectiveness and efficiency in illumination estimation. The grayness index, GI in short, is derived using the Dichromatic Reflection Model and is learning-free. GI allows to estimate one or multiple illumination sources in color-biased images. On standard single-illumination and multiple-illumination estimation benchmarks, GI outperforms state-of-the-art statistical methods and many recent deep methods. GI is simple and fast, written in a few dozen lines of code, processing a 1080p image in ~0.4 seconds with a non-optimized Matlab code.

Key facts. Cited by 26 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 9 Jan 2019.

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Cited by year (2026 to 7 Oct)

Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 5; 2023: 2; 2024: 2; 2025: 9; 2026: 4.

26 papers.

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  1. 2021Auto White-Balance Correction for Mixed-Illuminant Scenescited by 22
  2. 2025Time-Aware Auto White Balance in Mobile Photographycited by 10
  3. 2025GCC: Generative Color Constancy via Diffusing a Color Checkercited by 8
  4. 2025CCMNet: Leveraging Calibrated Color Correction Matrices for Cross-Camera Color Constancycited by 8
  5. 2022Learning Enriched Illuminants for Cross and Single Sensor Color Constancycited by 7
  6. 2022Modeling the Lighting in Scenes as Style for Auto White-Balance Correctioncited by 6
  7. 2024Optimizing Illuminant Estimation in Dual-Exposure HDR Imagingcited by 5
  8. 2025Revisiting Image Fusion for Multi-Illuminant White-Balance Correctioncited by 5
  9. 2021Generative Models for Multi-Illumination Color Constancycited by 4
  10. 2021Point Cloud Color Constancycited by 4
  11. 2022MIMT: Multi-Illuminant Color Constancy via Multi-Task Local Surface and Light Color Learningcited by 4
  12. 2024NTIRE 2024 Challenge on Night Photography Renderingcited by 4
14 more
  1. 2023Deterministic Neural Illumination Mapping for Efficient Auto-White Balance Correctioncited by 3
  2. 2026White-Balance First, Adjust Later: Cross-Camera Color Constancy via Vision-Language Evaluationcited by 3
  3. 2025Perception-Inspired Color Space Design for Photo White Balance Editingcited by 2
  4. 2026RL-AWB: Deep Reinforcement Learning for Auto White Balance Correction in Low-Light Night-time Scenescited by 2
  5. 2023Investigating Color Illusions from the Perspective of Computational Color Constancycited by 1
  6. 2025Multi-illuminant Color Constancy via Multi-scale Illuminant Estimation and Fusioncited by 1
  7. 2021Image color correction, enhancement, and editingcited by 0
  8. 2022Shallow camera pipeline for night photography renderingcited by 0
  9. 2022Template matching with white balance adjustment under multiple illuminantscited by 0
  10. 2025A Comprehensive Survey on Image Signal Processing Approaches for Low-Illumination Image Enhancementcited by 0
  11. 2025Boosting Illuminant Estimation in Deep Color Constancy through Enhancing Brightness Robustnesscited by 0
  12. 2025Learning Camera-Agnostic White-Balance Preferencescited by 0
  13. 2026Bio-inspired Color Constancy: From Gray Anchoring Theory to Gray Pixel Methodscited by 0
  14. 2026SAFE: Scene-Aware Feature Modulation for Color Constancy with Learned Color Space in Pure-Color Scenescited by 0