Semantic Stereo for Incidental Satellite Images
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Abstract (arXiv)
The increasingly common use of incidental satellite images for stereo reconstruction versus rigidly tasked binocular or trinocular coincident collection is helping to enable timely global-scale 3D mapping; however, reliable stereo correspondence from multi-date image pairs remains very challenging due to seasonal appearance differences and scene change. Promising recent work suggests that semantic scene segmentation can provide a robust regularizing prior for resolving ambiguities in stereo correspondence and reconstruction problems. To enable research for pairwise semantic stereo and multi-view semantic 3D reconstruction with incidental satellite images, we have established a large-scale public dataset including multi-view, multi-band satellite images and ground truth geometric and semantic labels for two large cities. To demonstrate the complementary nature of the stereo and segmentation tasks, we present lightweight public baselines adapted from recent state of the art convolutional neural network models and assess their performance.
Key facts. Cited by 53 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 21 Nov 2018.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 6; 2022: 8; 2023: 6; 2024: 10; 2025: 8; 2026: 15.
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- 2022Sat-NeRF: Learning Multi-View Satellite Photogrammetry With Transient Objects and Shadow Modeling Using RPC Camerascited by 59
- 2022Continual Barlow Twins: continual self-supervised learning for remote sensing semantic segmentationcited by 22
- 2022OmniCity: Omnipotent City Understanding with Multi-level and Multi-view Imagescited by 21
- 2023Elevation Estimation-Driven Building 3D Reconstruction from Single-View Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 17
- 2022Beyond single receptive field: A receptive field fusion-and-stratification network for airborne laser scanning point cloud classificationcited by 16
- 2024Gaussian Splatting for Efficient Satellite Image Photogrammetrycited by 15
- 2021Rational Polynomial Camera Model Warping for Deep Learning Based Satellite Multi-View Stereo Matchingcited by 14
- 2025SkySplat: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting from Multi-Temporal Sparse Satellite Imagescited by 14
- 2021Single View Geocentric Pose in the Wildcited by 9
- 2022WHU-Stereo: A Challenging Benchmark for Stereo Matching of High-Resolution Satellite Imagescited by 9
- 2021THE Benchmark: Transferable Representation Learning for Monocular Height Estimationcited by 8
- 2023HTC-DC Net: Monocular Height Estimation from Single Remote Sensing Imagescited by 8
38 more
- 2022A Comparative Study on Deep-Learning Methods for Dense Image Matching of Multi-angle and Multi-date Remote Sensing Stereo Imagescited by 5
- 2024FusionRF: High-Fidelity Satellite Neural Radiance Fields from Multispectral and Panchromatic Acquisitionscited by 5
- 2024Motif Channel Opened in a White-Box: Stereo Matching via Motif Correlation Graphcited by 5
- 2025S-EO: A Large-Scale Dataset for Geometry-Aware Shadow Detection in Remote Sensing Applicationscited by 5
- 2023GAMUS: A Geometry-aware Multi-modal Semantic Segmentation Benchmark for Remote Sensing Datacited by 4
- 2024LMFNet: An Efficient Multimodal Fusion Approach for Semantic Segmentation in High-Resolution Remote Sensingcited by 4
- 2026Diachronic Stereo Matching for Multi-Date Satellite Imagerycited by 4
- 2021Towards Indirect Top-Down Road Transport Emissions Estimationcited by 3
- 2021Cumulative Assessment for Urban 3D Modelingcited by 3
- 2022Pursuing 3D Scene Structures with Optical Satellite Images from Affine Reconstruction to Euclidean Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2022Disentangled Latent Transformer for Interpretable Monocular Height Estimationcited by 3
- 2023DeepSim-Nets: Deep Similarity Networks for Stereo Image Matchingcited by 3
- 2024COSMIC: Compress Satellite Images Efficiently via Diffusion Compensationcited by 3
- 2025EOGS++: Earth Observation Gaussian Splatting with Internal Camera Refinement and Direct Panchromatic Renderingcited by 3
- 2026ShadowGS: Shadow-Aware 3D Gaussian Splatting for Satellite Imagerycited by 3
- 2026SatSurfGS: Generalizable 2D Gaussian Splatting for Sparse-View Satellite Surface Reconstructioncited by 3
- 2024An evaluation of Deep Learning based stereo dense matching dataset shift from aerial images and a large scale stereo datasetcited by 2
- 2024BRDF-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields with Optical Satellite Images and BRDF Modellingcited by 2
- 2025Semantic Neural Radiance Fields for Multi-Date Satellite Datacited by 2
- 2025MSSDF: Modality-Shared Self-supervised Distillation for High-Resolution Multi-modal Remote Sensing Image Learningcited by 2
- 2025PanMatch: Unleashing the Potential of Large Vision Models for Unified Matching Modelscited by 2
- 2026SatSplat: Geometrically-Accurate Gaussian Splatting for Satellite Imagerycited by 2
- 2024S3Net: Innovating Stereo Matching and Semantic Segmentation with a Single-Branch Semantic Stereo Network in Satellite Epipolar Imagerycited by 1
- 2024Deep Learning Meets Satellite Images -- An Evaluation on Handcrafted and Learning-based Features for Multi-date Satellite Stereo Imagescited by 1
- 2025Continual Self-Supervised Learning with Masked Autoencoders in Remote Sensingcited by 1
- 2026BuildMamba: A Visual State-Space Based Model for Multi-Task Building Segmentation and Height Estimation from Satellite Imagescited by 1
- 2026Deep S2P: Integrating Learning Based Stereo Matching Into the Satellite Stereo Pipelinecited by 1
- 2026EO-VGGT: Orbital Ray-Conditioned 3D Foundation Models for Satellite Multi-View Reconstructioncited by 1
- 2021Focusing on Shadows for Predicting Heightmaps from Single Remotely Sensed RGB Images with Deep Learningcited by 0
- 2023Impact of architecture on robustness and interpretability of multispectral deep neural networkscited by 0
- 2023Refined Equivalent Pinhole Model for Large-scale 3D Reconstruction from Spaceborne CCD Imagerycited by 0
- 2024SyntStereo2Real: Edge-Aware GAN for Remote Sensing Image-to-Image Translation while Maintaining Stereo Constraintcited by 0
- 2025Construction of Digital Terrain Maps from Multi-view Satellite Imagery using Neural Volume Renderingcited by 0
- 2026SwiftGS: Episodic Priors for Immediate Satellite Surface Recoverycited by 0
- 2026SatSplatDiff: Geometry-preserving generative refinement for high-fidelity satellite Gaussian Splattingcited by 0
- 2026Robust RPC Bundle Adjustment for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery with Season-Invariant Correspondencescited by 0
- 2026SeasonStereo: Robust Dense Stereo Matching for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery via Generative AIcited by 0
- 2026GeoRay: Gauge-Aware Feed-Forward Satellite 3D Reconstruction in the Geodetic Framecited by 0
50 most cited of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2026SatUnreal: A High-Precision Synthetic Dataset for Satellite Stereo Matching via Unreal Engine23 Sep 2026
- 2026Agentic Building-Aware Satellite Gaussian Splatting for Auditable Urban DSM Reconstruction22 Sep 2026
- 2026Robust 3D Reconstruction from Multi-View Optical Satellite Imagery via Reliability-Aware Height-Evidence Fusion in Gaussian Splatting15 Sep 2026
- 2026GeoRay: Gauge-Aware Feed-Forward Satellite 3D Reconstruction in the Geodetic Frame30 Aug 2026
- 2026SeasonStereo: Robust Dense Stereo Matching for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery via Generative AI29 Jul 2026
- 2026Robust RPC Bundle Adjustment for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery with Season-Invariant Correspondences29 Jul 2026
- 2026EO-VGGT: Orbital Ray-Conditioned 3D Foundation Models for Satellite Multi-View Reconstruction1 Jul 2026
- 2026SatSplat: Geometrically-Accurate Gaussian Splatting for Satellite Imagery26 Jun 2026
- 2026SatSplatDiff: Geometry-preserving generative refinement for high-fidelity satellite Gaussian Splatting25 Jun 2026
- 2026SatSurfGS: Generalizable 2D Gaussian Splatting for Sparse-View Satellite Surface Reconstruction8 May 2026
- 2026Deep S2P: Integrating Learning Based Stereo Matching Into the Satellite Stereo Pipeline23 Mar 2026
- 2026SwiftGS: Episodic Priors for Immediate Satellite Surface Recovery19 Mar 2026
38 more
- 2026BuildMamba: A Visual State-Space Based Model for Multi-Task Building Segmentation and Height Estimation from Satellite Images9 Mar 2026
- 2026Diachronic Stereo Matching for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery30 Jan 2026
- 2026ShadowGS: Shadow-Aware 3D Gaussian Splatting for Satellite Imagery4 Jan 2026
- 2025EOGS++: Earth Observation Gaussian Splatting with Internal Camera Refinement and Direct Panchromatic Rendering20 Nov 2025
- 2025SkySplat: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting from Multi-Temporal Sparse Satellite Images13 Aug 2025
- 2025Construction of Digital Terrain Maps from Multi-view Satellite Imagery using Neural Volume Rendering2 Aug 2025
- 2025PanMatch: Unleashing the Potential of Large Vision Models for Unified Matching Models11 Jul 2025
- 2025Continual Self-Supervised Learning with Masked Autoencoders in Remote Sensing26 Jun 2025
- 2025MSSDF: Modality-Shared Self-supervised Distillation for High-Resolution Multi-modal Remote Sensing Image Learning11 Jun 2025
- 2025S-EO: A Large-Scale Dataset for Geometry-Aware Shadow Detection in Remote Sensing Applications9 Apr 2025
- 2025Semantic Neural Radiance Fields for Multi-Date Satellite Data24 Feb 2025
- 2024Gaussian Splatting for Efficient Satellite Image Photogrammetry17 Dec 2024
- 2024Motif Channel Opened in a White-Box: Stereo Matching via Motif Correlation Graph19 Nov 2024
- 2024COSMIC: Compress Satellite Images Efficiently via Diffusion Compensation2 Oct 2024
- 2024FusionRF: High-Fidelity Satellite Neural Radiance Fields from Multispectral and Panchromatic Acquisitions23 Sep 2024
- 2024BRDF-NeRF: Neural Radiance Fields with Optical Satellite Images and BRDF Modelling18 Sep 2024
- 2024Deep Learning Meets Satellite Images -- An Evaluation on Handcrafted and Learning-based Features for Multi-date Satellite Stereo Images4 Sep 2024
- 2024LMFNet: An Efficient Multimodal Fusion Approach for Semantic Segmentation in High-Resolution Remote Sensing21 Apr 2024
- 2024SyntStereo2Real: Edge-Aware GAN for Remote Sensing Image-to-Image Translation while Maintaining Stereo Constraint14 Apr 2024
- 2024An evaluation of Deep Learning based stereo dense matching dataset shift from aerial images and a large scale stereo dataset19 Feb 2024
- 2024S3Net: Innovating Stereo Matching and Semantic Segmentation with a Single-Branch Semantic Stereo Network in Satellite Epipolar Imagery3 Jan 2024
- 2023Refined Equivalent Pinhole Model for Large-scale 3D Reconstruction from Spaceborne CCD Imagery31 Oct 2023
- 2023HTC-DC Net: Monocular Height Estimation from Single Remote Sensing Images28 Sep 2023
- 2023Impact of architecture on robustness and interpretability of multispectral deep neural networks21 Sep 2023
- 2023GAMUS: A Geometry-aware Multi-modal Semantic Segmentation Benchmark for Remote Sensing Data24 May 2023
- 2023DeepSim-Nets: Deep Similarity Networks for Stereo Image Matching17 Apr 2023
- 2023Elevation Estimation-Driven Building 3D Reconstruction from Single-View Remote Sensing Imagery11 Jan 2023
- 2022A Comparative Study on Deep-Learning Methods for Dense Image Matching of Multi-angle and Multi-date Remote Sensing Stereo Images25 Oct 2022
- 2022OmniCity: Omnipotent City Understanding with Multi-level and Multi-view Images1 Aug 2022
- 2022Beyond single receptive field: A receptive field fusion-and-stratification network for airborne laser scanning point cloud classification21 Jul 2022
- 2022WHU-Stereo: A Challenging Benchmark for Stereo Matching of High-Resolution Satellite Images6 Jun 2022
- 2022Continual Barlow Twins: continual self-supervised learning for remote sensing semantic segmentation23 May 2022
- 2022Sat-NeRF: Learning Multi-View Satellite Photogrammetry With Transient Objects and Shadow Modeling Using RPC Cameras16 Mar 2022
- 2022Disentangled Latent Transformer for Interpretable Monocular Height Estimation17 Jan 2022
- 2022Pursuing 3D Scene Structures with Optical Satellite Images from Affine Reconstruction to Euclidean Reconstruction16 Jan 2022
- 2021THE Benchmark: Transferable Representation Learning for Monocular Height Estimation30 Dec 2021
- 2021Rational Polynomial Camera Model Warping for Deep Learning Based Satellite Multi-View Stereo Matching23 Sep 2021
- 2021Cumulative Assessment for Urban 3D Modeling9 Jul 2021
50 newest of 53 All 53 (JSON)
- 2022Sat-NeRF: Learning Multi-View Satellite Photogrammetry With Transient Objects and Shadow Modeling Using RPC Camerascited by 59
- 2022Continual Barlow Twins: continual self-supervised learning for remote sensing semantic segmentationcited by 22
- 2022OmniCity: Omnipotent City Understanding with Multi-level and Multi-view Imagescited by 21
- 2023Elevation Estimation-Driven Building 3D Reconstruction from Single-View Remote Sensing Imagerycited by 17
- 2022Beyond single receptive field: A receptive field fusion-and-stratification network for airborne laser scanning point cloud classificationcited by 16
- 2024Gaussian Splatting for Efficient Satellite Image Photogrammetrycited by 15
- 2021Rational Polynomial Camera Model Warping for Deep Learning Based Satellite Multi-View Stereo Matchingcited by 14
- 2025SkySplat: Generalizable 3D Gaussian Splatting from Multi-Temporal Sparse Satellite Imagescited by 14
- 2021Single View Geocentric Pose in the Wildcited by 9
- 2022WHU-Stereo: A Challenging Benchmark for Stereo Matching of High-Resolution Satellite Imagescited by 9
- 2021THE Benchmark: Transferable Representation Learning for Monocular Height Estimationcited by 8
- 2023HTC-DC Net: Monocular Height Estimation from Single Remote Sensing Imagescited by 8
12 most cited of 50 All 50 (JSON)
- 2026SatUnreal: A High-Precision Synthetic Dataset for Satellite Stereo Matching via Unreal Engine23 Sep 2026
- 2026Robust 3D Reconstruction from Multi-View Optical Satellite Imagery via Reliability-Aware Height-Evidence Fusion in Gaussian Splatting15 Sep 2026
- 2026GeoRay: Gauge-Aware Feed-Forward Satellite 3D Reconstruction in the Geodetic Frame30 Aug 2026
- 2026SeasonStereo: Robust Dense Stereo Matching for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery via Generative AI29 Jul 2026
- 2026Robust RPC Bundle Adjustment for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery with Season-Invariant Correspondences29 Jul 2026
- 2026EO-VGGT: Orbital Ray-Conditioned 3D Foundation Models for Satellite Multi-View Reconstruction1 Jul 2026
- 2026SatSplat: Geometrically-Accurate Gaussian Splatting for Satellite Imagery26 Jun 2026
- 2026SatSplatDiff: Geometry-preserving generative refinement for high-fidelity satellite Gaussian Splatting25 Jun 2026
- 2026SatSurfGS: Generalizable 2D Gaussian Splatting for Sparse-View Satellite Surface Reconstruction8 May 2026
- 2026Deep S2P: Integrating Learning Based Stereo Matching Into the Satellite Stereo Pipeline23 Mar 2026
- 2026SwiftGS: Episodic Priors for Immediate Satellite Surface Recovery19 Mar 2026
- 2026Diachronic Stereo Matching for Multi-Date Satellite Imagery30 Jan 2026
12 newest of 50 All 50 (JSON)