mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Code-switched Language Models Using Dual RNNs and Same-Source Pretraining

arXiv 1809.01962 ↗First posted 6 Sep 2018cs.CL cs.LGcited by 16

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Abstract (arXiv)

This work focuses on building language models (LMs) for code-switched text. We propose two techniques that significantly improve these LMs: 1) A novel recurrent neural network unit with dual components that focus on each language in the code-switched text separately 2) Pretraining the LM using synthetic text from a generative model estimated using the training data. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed techniques by reporting perplexities on a Mandarin-English task and derive significant reductions in perplexity.

Key facts. Cited by 16 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Sep 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 3; 2023: 4; 2024: 1; 2025: 3; 2026: 1.

16 papers.

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  1. 2022The Decades Progress on Code-Switching Research in NLP: A Systematic Survey on Trends and Challengescited by 35
  2. 2021From Machine Translation to Code-Switching: Generating High-Quality Code-Switched Textcited by 29
  3. 2021Can You Traducir This? Machine Translation for Code-Switched Inputcited by 21
  4. 2021Exploring Text-to-Text Transformers for English to Hinglish Machine Translation with Synthetic Code-Mixingcited by 16
  5. 2021Investigating Code-Mixed Modern Standard Arabic-Egyptian to English Machine Translationcited by 10
  6. 2022CALCS 2021 Shared Task: Machine Translation for Code-Switched Datacited by 9
  7. 2023Contextual Label Projection for Cross-Lingual Structured Predictioncited by 9
  8. 2023Code-Switched Text Synthesis in Unseen Language Pairscited by 7
  9. 2024SPEED++: A Multilingual Event Extraction Framework for Epidemic Prediction and Preparednesscited by 7
  10. 2023Persona-aware Generative Model for Code-mixed Languagecited by 3
  11. 2025Conditioning LLMs to Generate Code-Switched Textcited by 3
  12. 2025Low-resource Machine Translation for Code-switched Kazakh-Russian Language Paircited by 3
4 more
  1. 2022SIT at MixMT 2022: Fluent Translation Built on Giant Pre-trained Modelscited by 1
  2. 2023The Effect of Alignment Objectives on Code-Switching Translationcited by 1
  3. 2025Building English ASR model with regional language supportcited by 0
  4. 2026NLP Privacy Risk Identification in Social Media (NLP-PRISM): A Surveycited by 0