mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Completely Unsupervised Phoneme Recognition by Adversarially Learning Mapping Relationships from Audio Embeddings

arXiv 1804.00316 ↗First posted 1 Apr 2018cs.CLcited by 22

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Abstract (arXiv)

Unsupervised discovery of acoustic tokens from audio corpora without annotation and learning vector representations for these tokens have been widely studied. Although these techniques have been shown successful in some applications such as query-by-example Spoken Term Detection (STD), the lack of mapping relationships between these discovered tokens and real phonemes have limited the down-stream applications. This paper represents probably the first attempt towards the goal of completely unsupervised phoneme recognition, or mapping audio signals to phoneme sequences without phoneme-labeled audio data. The basic idea is to cluster the embedded acoustic tokens and learn the mapping between the cluster sequences and the unknown phoneme sequences with a Generative Adversarial Network (GAN). An unsupervised phoneme recognition accuracy of 36% was achieved in the preliminary experiments.

Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Apr 2018.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 6; 2023: 5; 2024: 4; 2025: 2; 2026: 1.

22 papers.

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  1. 2022Self-Supervised Speech Representation Learning: A Reviewcited by 258
  2. 2021Unsupervised Speech Recognitioncited by 147
  3. 2021Simple and Effective Zero-shot Cross-lingual Phoneme Recognitioncited by 79
  4. 2022Towards End-to-end Unsupervised Speech Recognitioncited by 44
  5. 2024Whistle: Data-Efficient Multilingual and Crosslingual Speech Recognition via Weakly Phonetic Supervisioncited by 17
  6. 2022Maestro-U: Leveraging joint speech-text representation learning for zero supervised speech ASRcited by 13
  7. 2022Simple and Effective Unsupervised Speech Translationcited by 12
  8. 2025Zero-AVSR: Zero-Shot Audio-Visual Speech Recognition with LLMs by Learning Language-Agnostic Speech Representationscited by 9
  9. 2024Scaling A Simple Approach to Zero-Shot Speech Recognitioncited by 8
  10. 2023Pushing the Limits of Unsupervised Unit Discovery for SSL Speech Representationcited by 7
  11. 2021Unsupervised Automatic Speech Recognition: A Reviewcited by 5
  12. 2023Improving Cascaded Unsupervised Speech Translation with Denoising Back-translationcited by 5
10 more
  1. 2023Unsupervised Speech Recognition with N-Skipgram and Positional Unigram Matchingcited by 5
  2. 2023A Theory of Unsupervised Speech Recognitioncited by 4
  3. 2022Learning the joint distribution of two sequences using little or no paired datacited by 3
  4. 2024REBORN: Reinforcement-Learned Boundary Segmentation with Iterative Training for Unsupervised ASRcited by 3
  5. 2021Word Order Does Not Matter For Speech Recognitioncited by 2
  6. 2025Towards Unsupervised Speech Recognition at the Syllable-Levelcited by 2
  7. 2022Learning Phone Recognition from Unpaired Audio and Phone Sequences Based on Generative Adversarial Networkcited by 1
  8. 2023Towards Matching Phones and Speech Representationscited by 1
  9. 2024Towards Unsupervised Speech Recognition Without Pronunciation Modelscited by 1
  10. 2026Sequence-Level Unsupervised Training in Speech Recognition: A Theoretical Studycited by 0