On the Convergence and Robustness of Training GANs with Regularized Optimal Transport
Not on the map. Why?
Abstract (arXiv)
Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) are one of the most practical methods for learning data distributions. A popular GAN formulation is based on the use of Wasserstein distance as a metric between probability distributions. Unfortunately, minimizing the Wasserstein distance between the data distribution and the generative model distribution is a computationally challenging problem as its objective is non-convex, non-smooth, and even hard to compute. In this work, we show that obtaining gradient information of the smoothed Wasserstein GAN formulation, which is based on regularized Optimal Transport (OT), is computationally effortless and hence one can apply first order optimization methods to minimize this objective. Consequently, we establish theoretical convergence guarantee to stationarity for a proposed class of GAN optimization algorithms. Unlike the original non-smooth formulation, our algorithm only requires solving the discriminator to approximate optimality. We apply our method to learning MNIST digits as well as CIFAR-10images. Our experiments show that our method is computationally efficient and generates images comparable to the state of the art algorithms given the same architecture and computational power.
Key facts. Cited by 51 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 22 Feb 2018.
Builds on
No reference list yet.
Built on by
Citing papers per year: 2021: 18; 2022: 11; 2023: 9; 2024: 6; 2025: 5; 2026: 2.
51 papers.
Sort:
By area:
- 2022Neural Optimal Transportcited by 123
- 2021Do Neural Optimal Transport Solvers Work? A Continuous Wasserstein-2 Benchmarkcited by 95
- 2021Generative Modeling with Optimal Transport Mapscited by 80
- 2023Teach a Robot to FISH: Versatile Imitation from One Minute of Demonstrationscited by 74
- 2021The Complexity of Nonconvex-Strongly-Concave Minimax Optimizationcited by 44
- 2023Generative Modeling through the Semi-dual Formulation of Unbalanced Optimal Transportcited by 39
- 2022Kernel Neural Optimal Transportcited by 31
- 2022Kantorovich Strikes Back! Wasserstein GANs are not Optimal Transport?cited by 19
- 2022Taming Hyperparameter Tuning in Continuous Normalizing Flows Using the JKO Schemecited by 17
- 2024Two-Timescale Gradient Descent Ascent Algorithms for Nonconvex Minimax Optimizationcited by 15
- 2023SAN: Inducing Metrizability of GAN with Discriminative Normalized Linear Layercited by 14
- 2021Finding Second-Order Stationary Points in Nonconvex-Strongly-Concave Minimax Optimizationcited by 12
38 more
- 2022An Optimal Transport Approach to Personalized Federated Learningcited by 12
- 2024Constrained Sampling with Primal-Dual Langevin Monte Carlocited by 10
- 2021Convex-Concave Min-Max Stackelberg Gamescited by 9
- 2021Entropy Regularized Optimal Transport Independence Criterioncited by 9
- 2024Accelerating Sinkhorn Algorithm with Sparse Newton Iterationscited by 9
- 2021Solving Min-Max Optimization with Hidden Structure via Gradient Descent Ascentcited by 8
- 2021Nonconvex-Nonconcave Min-Max Optimization with a Small Maximization Domaincited by 8
- 2023A first-order augmented Lagrangian method for constrained minimax optimizationcited by 8
- 2023Federated Minimax Optimization with Client Heterogeneitycited by 8
- 2023Analyzing and Improving Optimal-Transport-based Adversarial Networkscited by 8
- 2021Direct-Search for a Class of Stochastic Min-Max Problemscited by 7
- 2021A Wasserstein Minimax Framework for Mixed Linear Regressioncited by 7
- 2022DigGAN: Discriminator gradIent Gap Regularization for GAN Training with Limited Datacited by 7
- 2021Understanding Entropic Regularization in GANscited by 6
- 2022Generalization Bounds of Nonconvex-(Strongly)-Concave Stochastic Minimax Optimizationcited by 6
- 2023A High-Quality Robust Diffusion Framework for Corrupted Datasetcited by 6
- 2022Robust No-Regret Learning in Min-Max Stackelberg Gamescited by 5
- 2021On the Existence of Optimal Transport Gradient for Learning Generative Modelscited by 4
- 2022A theory of learning with constrained weight-distributioncited by 4
- 2023One-Line-of-Code Data Mollification Improves Optimization of Likelihood-based Generative Modelscited by 4
- 2021Randomized Stochastic Gradient Descent Ascentcited by 3
- 2024A Sinkhorn-type Algorithm for Constrained Optimal Transportcited by 3
- 2021Generalization of GANs and overparameterized models under Lipschitz continuitycited by 2
- 2021Generative Adversarial Network: Some Analytical Perspectivescited by 2
- 2023OT-Net: A Reusable Neural Optimal Transport Solvercited by 2
- 2025A Statistical Learning Perspective on Semi-dual Adversarial Neural Optimal Transport Solverscited by 2
- 2021WGAN with an Infinitely Wide Generator Has No Spurious Stationary Pointscited by 1
- 2021Trust the Critics: Generatorless and Multipurpose WGANs with Initial Convergence Guaranteescited by 1
- 2022On the potential benefits of entropic regularization for smoothing Wasserstein estimatorscited by 1
- 2025Neural Hamilton--Jacobi Characteristic Flows for Optimal Transportcited by 1
- 2021Symmetric Wasserstein Autoencoderscited by 0
- 2022Iterative Minimax Games with Coupled Linear Constraintscited by 0
- 2024Completely Parameter-Free Single-Loop Algorithms for Nonconvex-Concave Minimax Problemscited by 0
- 2024Sum-of-Squares Programming for Ma-Trudinger-Wang Regularity of Optimal Transport Mapscited by 0
- 2025Feature Shift Localization Networkcited by 0
- 2025On optimal solutions of classical and sliced Wasserstein GANs with non-Gaussian datacited by 0
- 2025A first-order method for nonconvex-strongly-concave constrained minimax optimizationcited by 0
- 2026Calibrating Tabular Anomaly Detection via Optimal Transportcited by 0
50 most cited of 51 All 51 (JSON)
- 2026Implicit Neural Optimal Transport via Fixed-Point Optimization11 May 2026
- 2026Calibrating Tabular Anomaly Detection via Optimal Transport6 Feb 2026
- 2025A first-order method for nonconvex-strongly-concave constrained minimax optimization28 Dec 2025
- 2025Neural Hamilton--Jacobi Characteristic Flows for Optimal Transport30 Sep 2025
- 2025On optimal solutions of classical and sliced Wasserstein GANs with non-Gaussian data8 Sep 2025
- 2025Feature Shift Localization Network10 Jun 2025
- 2025A Statistical Learning Perspective on Semi-dual Adversarial Neural Optimal Transport Solvers3 Feb 2025
- 2024Sum-of-Squares Programming for Ma-Trudinger-Wang Regularity of Optimal Transport Maps17 Dec 2024
- 2024Constrained Sampling with Primal-Dual Langevin Monte Carlo1 Nov 2024
- 2024Two-Timescale Gradient Descent Ascent Algorithms for Nonconvex Minimax Optimization21 Aug 2024
- 2024Completely Parameter-Free Single-Loop Algorithms for Nonconvex-Concave Minimax Problems31 Jul 2024
- 2024A Sinkhorn-type Algorithm for Constrained Optimal Transport8 Mar 2024
38 more
- 2024Accelerating Sinkhorn Algorithm with Sparse Newton Iterations20 Jan 2024
- 2023A High-Quality Robust Diffusion Framework for Corrupted Dataset28 Nov 2023
- 2023Analyzing and Improving Optimal-Transport-based Adversarial Networks4 Oct 2023
- 2023OT-Net: A Reusable Neural Optimal Transport Solver14 Jun 2023
- 2023One-Line-of-Code Data Mollification Improves Optimization of Likelihood-based Generative Models30 May 2023
- 2023Generative Modeling through the Semi-dual Formulation of Unbalanced Optimal Transport24 May 2023
- 2023Teach a Robot to FISH: Versatile Imitation from One Minute of Demonstrations2 Mar 2023
- 2023Federated Minimax Optimization with Client Heterogeneity8 Feb 2023
- 2023SAN: Inducing Metrizability of GAN with Discriminative Normalized Linear Layer30 Jan 2023
- 2023A first-order augmented Lagrangian method for constrained minimax optimization5 Jan 2023
- 2022Iterative Minimax Games with Coupled Linear Constraints9 Dec 2022
- 2022Taming Hyperparameter Tuning in Continuous Normalizing Flows Using the JKO Scheme30 Nov 2022
- 2022DigGAN: Discriminator gradIent Gap Regularization for GAN Training with Limited Data27 Nov 2022
- 2022On the potential benefits of entropic regularization for smoothing Wasserstein estimators13 Oct 2022
- 2022Kantorovich Strikes Back! Wasserstein GANs are not Optimal Transport?15 Jun 2022
- 2022A theory of learning with constrained weight-distribution14 Jun 2022
- 2022An Optimal Transport Approach to Personalized Federated Learning6 Jun 2022
- 2022Kernel Neural Optimal Transport30 May 2022
- 2022Generalization Bounds of Nonconvex-(Strongly)-Concave Stochastic Minimax Optimization28 May 2022
- 2022Robust No-Regret Learning in Min-Max Stackelberg Games26 Mar 2022
- 2022Neural Optimal Transport28 Jan 2022
- 2021Entropy Regularized Optimal Transport Independence Criterion31 Dec 2021
- 2021Trust the Critics: Generatorless and Multipurpose WGANs with Initial Convergence Guarantees30 Nov 2021
- 2021Randomized Stochastic Gradient Descent Ascent25 Nov 2021
- 2021Understanding Entropic Regularization in GANs2 Nov 2021
- 2021Finding Second-Order Stationary Points in Nonconvex-Strongly-Concave Minimax Optimization10 Oct 2021
- 2021Nonconvex-Nonconcave Min-Max Optimization with a Small Maximization Domain8 Oct 2021
- 2021Generative Modeling with Optimal Transport Maps6 Oct 2021
- 2021Convex-Concave Min-Max Stackelberg Games5 Oct 2021
- 2021Symmetric Wasserstein Autoencoders24 Jun 2021
- 2021A Wasserstein Minimax Framework for Mixed Linear Regression14 Jun 2021
- 2021Do Neural Optimal Transport Solvers Work? A Continuous Wasserstein-2 Benchmark3 Jun 2021
- 2021Generative Adversarial Network: Some Analytical Perspectives25 Apr 2021
- 2021Generalization of GANs and overparameterized models under Lipschitz continuity6 Apr 2021
- 2021The Complexity of Nonconvex-Strongly-Concave Minimax Optimization29 Mar 2021
- 2021Direct-Search for a Class of Stochastic Min-Max Problems22 Feb 2021
- 2021WGAN with an Infinitely Wide Generator Has No Spurious Stationary Points15 Feb 2021
- 2021On the Existence of Optimal Transport Gradient for Learning Generative Models10 Feb 2021
50 newest of 51 All 51 (JSON)
- 2022Neural Optimal Transportcited by 123
- 2021Do Neural Optimal Transport Solvers Work? A Continuous Wasserstein-2 Benchmarkcited by 95
- 2021Generative Modeling with Optimal Transport Mapscited by 80
- 2021The Complexity of Nonconvex-Strongly-Concave Minimax Optimizationcited by 44
- 2023Generative Modeling through the Semi-dual Formulation of Unbalanced Optimal Transportcited by 39
- 2022Kernel Neural Optimal Transportcited by 31
- 2022Kantorovich Strikes Back! Wasserstein GANs are not Optimal Transport?cited by 19
- 2022Taming Hyperparameter Tuning in Continuous Normalizing Flows Using the JKO Schemecited by 17
- 2024Two-Timescale Gradient Descent Ascent Algorithms for Nonconvex Minimax Optimizationcited by 15
- 2023SAN: Inducing Metrizability of GAN with Discriminative Normalized Linear Layercited by 14
- 2021Finding Second-Order Stationary Points in Nonconvex-Strongly-Concave Minimax Optimizationcited by 12
- 2022An Optimal Transport Approach to Personalized Federated Learningcited by 12
12 most cited of 50 All 50 (JSON)
- 2026Implicit Neural Optimal Transport via Fixed-Point Optimization11 May 2026
- 2026Calibrating Tabular Anomaly Detection via Optimal Transport6 Feb 2026
- 2025A first-order method for nonconvex-strongly-concave constrained minimax optimization28 Dec 2025
- 2025Neural Hamilton--Jacobi Characteristic Flows for Optimal Transport30 Sep 2025
- 2025On optimal solutions of classical and sliced Wasserstein GANs with non-Gaussian data8 Sep 2025
- 2025Feature Shift Localization Network10 Jun 2025
- 2025A Statistical Learning Perspective on Semi-dual Adversarial Neural Optimal Transport Solvers3 Feb 2025
- 2024Sum-of-Squares Programming for Ma-Trudinger-Wang Regularity of Optimal Transport Maps17 Dec 2024
- 2024Constrained Sampling with Primal-Dual Langevin Monte Carlo1 Nov 2024
- 2024Two-Timescale Gradient Descent Ascent Algorithms for Nonconvex Minimax Optimization21 Aug 2024
- 2024Completely Parameter-Free Single-Loop Algorithms for Nonconvex-Concave Minimax Problems31 Jul 2024
- 2024A Sinkhorn-type Algorithm for Constrained Optimal Transport8 Mar 2024
12 newest of 50 All 50 (JSON)