Differential Flatness of Quadrotor Dynamics Subject to Rotor Drag for Accurate Tracking of High-Speed Trajectories
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Abstract (arXiv)
In this paper, we prove that the dynamical model of a quadrotor subject to linear rotor drag effects is differentially flat in its position and heading. We use this property to compute feed-forward control terms directly from a reference trajectory to be tracked. The obtained feed-forward terms are then used in a cascaded, nonlinear feedback control law that enables accurate agile flight with quadrotors. Compared to state-of-the-art control methods, which treat the rotor drag as an unknown disturbance, our method reduces the trajectory tracking error significantly. Finally, we present a method based on a gradient-free optimization to identify the rotor drag coefficients, which are required to compute the feed-forward control terms. The new theoretical results are thoroughly validated trough extensive comparative experiments.
Key facts. Cited by 28 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Dec 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 3; 2022: 6; 2023: 4; 2024: 6; 2025: 4; 2026: 5.
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- 2022Neural-Fly Enables Rapid Learning for Agile Flight in Strong Windscited by 80
- 2022Real-time Neural-MPC: Deep Learning Model Predictive Control for Quadrotors and Agile Robotic Platformscited by 36
- 2024Bootstrapping Reinforcement Learning with Imitation for Vision-Based Agile Flightcited by 22
- 2022Learning a Single Near-hover Position Controller for Vastly Different Quadcopterscited by 16
- 2022Training Efficient Controllers via Analytic Policy Gradientcited by 16
- 2021Time-Optimal Planning for Quadrotor Waypoint Flightcited by 14
- 2022Learning Perception-Aware Agile Flight in Cluttered Environmentscited by 13
- 2024SOUS VIDE: Cooking Visual Drone Navigation Policies in a Gaussian Splatting Vacuumcited by 13
- 2023DATT: Deep Adaptive Trajectory Tracking for Quadrotor Controlcited by 11
- 2024What Matters in Learning A Zero-Shot Sim-to-Real RL Policy for Quadrotor Control? A Comprehensive Studycited by 9
- 2021Meta-Learning-Based Robust Adaptive Flight Control Under Uncertain Wind Conditionscited by 8
- 2024Feedback Favors the Generalization of Neural ODEscited by 8
16 more
- 2023Constrained Reinforcement Learning using Distributional Representation for Trustworthy Quadrotor UAV Tracking Controlcited by 5
- 2021Robust Navigation for Racing Drones based on Imitation Learning and Modularizationcited by 4
- 2025Leveling the Playing Field: Carefully Comparing Classical and Learned Controllers for Quadrotor Trajectory Trackingcited by 4
- 2024Dashing for the Golden Snitch: Multi-Drone Time-Optimal Motion Planning with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
- 2023FLEX: an Adaptive Exploration Algorithm for Nonlinear Systemscited by 2
- 2025Automatic Generation of Aerobatic Flight in Complex Environments via Diffusion Modelscited by 2
- 2022Interpretable Stochastic Model Predictive Control using Distributional Reinforced Estimation for Quadrotor Tracking Systemscited by 1
- 2024Why Change Your Controller When You Can Change Your Planner: Drag-Aware Trajectory Generation for Quadrotor Systemscited by 1
- 2025PI-WAN: A Physics-Informed Wind-Adaptive Network for Quadrotor Dynamics Prediction in Unknown Environmentscited by 1
- 2023Safe Online Dynamics Learning with Initially Unknown Models and Infeasible Safety Certificatescited by 0
- 2025Learned Controllers for Agile Quadrotors in Pursuit-Evasion Gamescited by 0
- 2026Online parameter estimation for the Crazyflie quadcopter through an EM algorithmcited by 0
- 2026Don't Fool Me Twice: Adapting to Adversity in the Wild with Experience-Driven Reasoningcited by 0
- 2026From Distances to Trajectories: Real-Time Signed Distance Function Mapping and Distance-Accelerated Motion Planning for UAVscited by 0
- 2026Learning to Fly: Stable Vision-Guided UAV Servoing with Compact Target-Centric Cues and Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
- 2026Conflict-Predictive Variable Horizons in Multi-Drone Distributed Model Predictive Controlcited by 0
- 2026Conflict-Predictive Variable Horizons in Multi-Drone Distributed Model Predictive Control7 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning to Fly: Stable Vision-Guided UAV Servoing with Compact Target-Centric Cues and Reinforcement Learning7 Sep 2026
- 2026From Distances to Trajectories: Real-Time Signed Distance Function Mapping and Distance-Accelerated Motion Planning for UAVs21 Jul 2026
- 2026Don't Fool Me Twice: Adapting to Adversity in the Wild with Experience-Driven Reasoning29 May 2026
- 2026Online parameter estimation for the Crazyflie quadcopter through an EM algorithm14 Jan 2026
- 2025PI-WAN: A Physics-Informed Wind-Adaptive Network for Quadrotor Dynamics Prediction in Unknown Environments1 Jul 2025
- 2025Leveling the Playing Field: Carefully Comparing Classical and Learned Controllers for Quadrotor Trajectory Tracking21 Jun 2025
- 2025Learned Controllers for Agile Quadrotors in Pursuit-Evasion Games3 Jun 2025
- 2025Automatic Generation of Aerobatic Flight in Complex Environments via Diffusion Models21 Apr 2025
- 2024SOUS VIDE: Cooking Visual Drone Navigation Policies in a Gaussian Splatting Vacuum20 Dec 2024
- 2024What Matters in Learning A Zero-Shot Sim-to-Real RL Policy for Quadrotor Control? A Comprehensive Study16 Dec 2024
- 2024Feedback Favors the Generalization of Neural ODEs14 Oct 2024
16 more
- 2024Dashing for the Golden Snitch: Multi-Drone Time-Optimal Motion Planning with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning25 Sep 2024
- 2024Bootstrapping Reinforcement Learning with Imitation for Vision-Based Agile Flight18 Mar 2024
- 2024Why Change Your Controller When You Can Change Your Planner: Drag-Aware Trajectory Generation for Quadrotor Systems10 Jan 2024
- 2023Safe Online Dynamics Learning with Initially Unknown Models and Infeasible Safety Certificates3 Nov 2023
- 2023DATT: Deep Adaptive Trajectory Tracking for Quadrotor Control13 Oct 2023
- 2023FLEX: an Adaptive Exploration Algorithm for Nonlinear Systems26 Apr 2023
- 2023Constrained Reinforcement Learning using Distributional Representation for Trustworthy Quadrotor UAV Tracking Control22 Feb 2023
- 2022Learning Perception-Aware Agile Flight in Cluttered Environments4 Oct 2022
- 2022Training Efficient Controllers via Analytic Policy Gradient26 Sep 2022
- 2022Learning a Single Near-hover Position Controller for Vastly Different Quadcopters19 Sep 2022
- 2022Interpretable Stochastic Model Predictive Control using Distributional Reinforced Estimation for Quadrotor Tracking Systems14 May 2022
- 2022Neural-Fly Enables Rapid Learning for Agile Flight in Strong Winds13 May 2022
- 2022Real-time Neural-MPC: Deep Learning Model Predictive Control for Quadrotors and Agile Robotic Platforms15 Mar 2022
- 2021Time-Optimal Planning for Quadrotor Waypoint Flight10 Aug 2021
- 2021Robust Navigation for Racing Drones based on Imitation Learning and Modularization27 May 2021
- 2021Meta-Learning-Based Robust Adaptive Flight Control Under Uncertain Wind Conditions2 Mar 2021
- 2022Neural-Fly Enables Rapid Learning for Agile Flight in Strong Windscited by 80
- 2022Real-time Neural-MPC: Deep Learning Model Predictive Control for Quadrotors and Agile Robotic Platformscited by 36
- 2024Bootstrapping Reinforcement Learning with Imitation for Vision-Based Agile Flightcited by 22
- 2022Learning a Single Near-hover Position Controller for Vastly Different Quadcopterscited by 16
- 2022Training Efficient Controllers via Analytic Policy Gradientcited by 16
- 2021Time-Optimal Planning for Quadrotor Waypoint Flightcited by 14
- 2024SOUS VIDE: Cooking Visual Drone Navigation Policies in a Gaussian Splatting Vacuumcited by 13
- 2023DATT: Deep Adaptive Trajectory Tracking for Quadrotor Controlcited by 11
- 2024What Matters in Learning A Zero-Shot Sim-to-Real RL Policy for Quadrotor Control? A Comprehensive Studycited by 9
- 2021Meta-Learning-Based Robust Adaptive Flight Control Under Uncertain Wind Conditionscited by 8
- 2024Feedback Favors the Generalization of Neural ODEscited by 8
- 2023Constrained Reinforcement Learning using Distributional Representation for Trustworthy Quadrotor UAV Tracking Controlcited by 5
12 most cited of 25 All 25 (JSON)
- 2026Conflict-Predictive Variable Horizons in Multi-Drone Distributed Model Predictive Control7 Sep 2026
- 2026Learning to Fly: Stable Vision-Guided UAV Servoing with Compact Target-Centric Cues and Reinforcement Learning7 Sep 2026
- 2026From Distances to Trajectories: Real-Time Signed Distance Function Mapping and Distance-Accelerated Motion Planning for UAVs21 Jul 2026
- 2026Online parameter estimation for the Crazyflie quadcopter through an EM algorithm14 Jan 2026
- 2025PI-WAN: A Physics-Informed Wind-Adaptive Network for Quadrotor Dynamics Prediction in Unknown Environments1 Jul 2025
- 2025Leveling the Playing Field: Carefully Comparing Classical and Learned Controllers for Quadrotor Trajectory Tracking21 Jun 2025
- 2025Learned Controllers for Agile Quadrotors in Pursuit-Evasion Games3 Jun 2025
- 2024SOUS VIDE: Cooking Visual Drone Navigation Policies in a Gaussian Splatting Vacuum20 Dec 2024
- 2024What Matters in Learning A Zero-Shot Sim-to-Real RL Policy for Quadrotor Control? A Comprehensive Study16 Dec 2024
- 2024Feedback Favors the Generalization of Neural ODEs14 Oct 2024
- 2024Dashing for the Golden Snitch: Multi-Drone Time-Optimal Motion Planning with Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning25 Sep 2024
- 2024Bootstrapping Reinforcement Learning with Imitation for Vision-Based Agile Flight18 Mar 2024
12 newest of 25 All 25 (JSON)