mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

An Equivalence of Fully Connected Layer and Convolutional Layer

arXiv 1712.01252 ↗First posted 4 Dec 2017cs.LG cs.AI stat.MLcited by 14

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Abstract (arXiv)

This article demonstrates that convolutional operation can be converted to matrix multiplication, which has the same calculation way with fully connected layer. The article is helpful for the beginners of the neural network to understand how fully connected layer and the convolutional layer work in the backend. To be concise and to make the article more readable, we only consider the linear case. It can be extended to the non-linear case easily through plugging in a non-linear encapsulation to the values like this σ(x) denoted as xprime.

Key facts. Cited by 14 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 4 Dec 2017.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 2; 2023: 3; 2024: 1; 2025: 2; 2026: 2.

14 papers.

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  1. 2021Generative Modeling of Turbulencecited by 26
  2. 2025The Universal Weight Subspace Hypothesiscited by 22
  3. 2021RED : Looking for Redundancies for Data-Free Structured Compression of Deep Neural Networkscited by 19
  4. 2023Uncovering Energy-Efficient Practices in Deep Learning Training: Preliminary Steps Towards Green AIcited by 16
  5. 2021Federated Deep Learning with Bayesian Privacycited by 13
  6. 2022Abstraction and Refinement: Towards Scalable and Exact Verification of Neural Networkscited by 11
  7. 2024Spectral GNN via Two-dimensional (2-D) Graph Convolutioncited by 3
  8. 2021Dive into Layers: Neural Network Capacity Bounding using Algebraic Geometrycited by 2
  9. 2022Towards Optimal VPU Compiler Cost Modeling by using Neural Networks to Infer Hardware Performancescited by 2
  10. 2023Stable and Interpretable Deep Learning for Tabular Data: Introducing InterpreTabNet with the Novel InterpreStability Metriccited by 1
  11. 2023AGNES: Abstraction-guided Framework for Deep Neural Networks Securitycited by 0
  12. 2025HybridoNet-Adapt: A Domain-Adapted Framework for Accurate Lithium-Ion Battery RUL Predictioncited by 0
2 more
  1. 2026AI-Powered Deepfake Detection Using CNN and Vision Transformer Architecturescited by 0
  2. 2026A Survey on Semantic Communication for Vision: Categories, Frameworks, Enabling Techniques, and Applicationscited by 0