mlsanityData to 14 Oct 2026

Simple and Effective Multi-Paragraph Reading Comprehension

arXiv 1710.10723 ↗First posted 29 Oct 2017cs.CLcited by 120

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Cited by 20 in Multimodal LLMs / vision-language models, but placed by its own abstract, which didn’t fit.

Abstract (arXiv)

We consider the problem of adapting neural paragraph-level question answering models to the case where entire documents are given as input. Our proposed solution trains models to produce well calibrated confidence scores for their results on individual paragraphs. We sample multiple paragraphs from the documents during training, and use a shared-normalization training objective that encourages the model to produce globally correct output. We combine this method with a state-of-the-art pipeline for training models on document QA data. Experiments demonstrate strong performance on several document QA datasets. Overall, we are able to achieve a score of 71.3 F1 on the web portion of TriviaQA, a large improvement from the 56.7 F1 of the previous best system.

Key facts. Cited by 120 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 29 Oct 2017.

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Citing papers per year: 2020: 2; 2021: 42; 2022: 19; 2023: 18; 2024: 22; 2025: 13; 2026: 4.

120 papers.

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  1. 2020Retrieval-Augmented Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 9,297
  2. 2023InternVL: Scaling up Vision Foundation Models and Aligning for Generic Visual-Linguistic Taskscited by 2,565
  3. 2020REALM: Retrieval-Augmented Language Model Pre-Trainingcited by 2,141
  4. 2025InternVL3: Exploring Advanced Training and Test-Time Recipes for Open-Source Multimodal Modelscited by 1,834
  5. 2024How Far Are We to GPT-4V? Closing the Gap to Commercial Multimodal Models with Open-Source Suitescited by 1,050
  6. 2022Atlas: Few-shot Learning with Retrieval Augmented Language Modelscited by 952
  7. 2023Augmented Language Models: a Surveycited by 403
  8. 2024Enhancing the Reasoning Ability of Multimodal Large Language Models via Mixed Preference Optimizationcited by 239
  9. 2021Retrieving and Reading: A Comprehensive Survey on Open-domain Question Answeringcited by 178
  10. 2023Evaluating Correctness and Faithfulness of Instruction-Following Models for Question Answeringcited by 151
  11. 2025VisualPRM: An Effective Process Reward Model for Multimodal Reasoningcited by 139
  12. 2024VisionLLM v2: An End-to-End Generalist Multimodal Large Language Model for Hundreds of Vision-Language Taskscited by 137
38 more
  1. 2021End-to-End Training of Multi-Document Reader and Retriever for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 133
  2. 2023Evaluating Open-Domain Question Answering in the Era of Large Language Modelscited by 111
  3. 2024The Art of Saying No: Contextual Noncompliance in Language Modelscited by 105
  4. 2024Unveiling Encoder-Free Vision-Language Modelscited by 94
  5. 2021QA Dataset Explosion: A Taxonomy of NLP Resources for Question Answering and Reading Comprehensioncited by 91
  6. 2024The All-Seeing Project V2: Towards General Relation Comprehension of the Open Worldcited by 90
  7. 2024Mono-InternVL: Pushing the Boundaries of Monolithic Multimodal Large Language Models with Endogenous Visual Pre-trainingcited by 82
  8. 2024MM-Interleaved: Interleaved Image-Text Generative Modeling via Multi-modal Feature Synchronizercited by 80
  9. 2021ChineseBERT: Chinese Pretraining Enhanced by Glyph and Pinyin Informationcited by 65
  10. 2021Poolingformer: Long Document Modeling with Pooling Attentioncited by 60
  11. 2024OmniCorpus: A Unified Multimodal Corpus of 10 Billion-Level Images Interleaved with Textcited by 59
  12. 2021Natural Language Video Localization: A Revisit in Span-based Question Answering Frameworkcited by 55
  13. 2023EHRSQL: A Practical Text-to-SQL Benchmark for Electronic Health Recordscited by 45
  14. 2024LLaVA-MoD: Making LLaVA Tiny via MoE Knowledge Distillationcited by 45
  15. 2021UnitedQA: A Hybrid Approach for Open Domain Question Answeringcited by 42
  16. 2024SynerGen-VL: Towards Synergistic Image Understanding and Generation with Vision Experts and Token Foldingcited by 42
  17. 2021Which Linguist Invented the Lightbulb? Presupposition Verification for Question-Answeringcited by 41
  18. 2021TR-BERT: Dynamic Token Reduction for Accelerating BERT Inferencecited by 40
  19. 2021Evidentiality-guided Generation for Knowledge-Intensive NLP Taskscited by 40
  20. 2021R2-D2: A Modular Baseline for Open-Domain Question Answeringcited by 37
  21. 2022Temporal Sentence Grounding in Videos: A Survey and Future Directionscited by 37
  22. 2021CONQUER: Contextual Query-aware Ranking for Video Corpus Moment Retrievalcited by 33
  23. 2026LocateAnything: Fast and High-Quality Vision-Language Grounding with Parallel Box Decodingcited by 28
  24. 2021Dual Reader-Parser on Hybrid Textual and Tabular Evidence for Open Domain Question Answeringcited by 25
  25. 2021Introspective Distillation for Robust Question Answeringcited by 25
  26. 2024PVC: Progressive Visual Token Compression for Unified Image and Video Processing in Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 25
  27. 2022Modeling Multi-hop Question Answering as Single Sequence Predictioncited by 21
  28. 2021Do Question Answering Modeling Improvements Hold Across Benchmarks?cited by 20
  29. 2021Factoring Statutory Reasoning as Language Understanding Challengescited by 20
  30. 2025Docopilot: Improving Multimodal Models for Document-Level Understandingcited by 19
  31. 2021Rethinking Search: Making Domain Experts out of Dilettantescited by 18
  32. 2025From Pixels to Words -- Towards Native Vision-Language Primitives at Scalecited by 18
  33. 2021UNIQORN: Unified Question Answering over RDF Knowledge Graphs and Natural Language Textcited by 17
  34. 2021Question Answering Survey: Directions, Challenges, Datasets, Evaluation Matricescited by 17
  35. 2021DADgraph: A Discourse-aware Dialogue Graph Neural Network for Multiparty Dialogue Machine Reading Comprehensioncited by 16
  36. 2024HiRes-LLaVA: Restoring Fragmentation Input in High-Resolution Large Vision-Language Modelscited by 16
  37. 2021Complex Factoid Question Answering with a Free-Text Knowledge Graphcited by 14
  38. 2021ReadTwice: Reading Very Large Documents with Memoriescited by 14

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