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Deep EHR: A Survey of Recent Advances in Deep Learning Techniques for Electronic Health Record (EHR) Analysis

arXiv 1706.03446 ↗First posted 12 Jun 2017cs.LG stat.MLcited by 145

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Abstract (arXiv)

The past decade has seen an explosion in the amount of digital information stored in electronic health records (EHR). While primarily designed for archiving patient clinical information and administrative healthcare tasks, many researchers have found secondary use of these records for various clinical informatics tasks. Over the same period, the machine learning community has seen widespread advances in deep learning techniques, which also have been successfully applied to the vast amount of EHR data. In this paper, we review these deep EHR systems, examining architectures, technical aspects, and clinical applications. We also identify shortcomings of current techniques and discuss avenues of future research for EHR-based deep learning.

Key facts. Cited by 145 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 12 Jun 2017.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 30; 2022: 16; 2023: 27; 2024: 20; 2025: 28; 2026: 24.

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  1. 2021Federated Learning for Smart Healthcare: A Surveycited by 182
  2. 2021Medical Visual Question Answering: A Surveycited by 93
  3. 2021Time Series Prediction using Deep Learning Methods in Healthcarecited by 71
  4. 2023GraphCare: Enhancing Healthcare Predictions with Personalized Knowledge Graphscited by 57
  5. 2022MedFuse: Multi-modal fusion with clinical time-series data and chest X-ray imagescited by 53
  6. 2021Neural Natural Language Processing for Unstructured Data in Electronic Health Records: a Reviewcited by 35
  7. 2021Deep learning for temporal data representation in electronic health records: A systematic review of challenges and methodologiescited by 34
  8. 2022Improving Medical Predictions by Irregular Multimodal Electronic Health Records Modelingcited by 33
  9. 2023Reliable Generation of Privacy-preserving Synthetic Electronic Health Record Time Series via Diffusion Modelscited by 24
  10. 2024Emergency Department Decision Support using Clinical Pseudo-notescited by 22
  11. 2023NLI4CT: Multi-Evidence Natural Language Inference for Clinical Trial Reportscited by 18
  12. 2023Zero-shot information extraction from radiological reports using ChatGPTcited by 15
38 more
  1. 2022Multimodal data matters: language model pre-training over structured and unstructured electronic health recordscited by 13
  2. 2023Interpretable Medical Diagnostics with Structured Data Extraction by Large Language Modelscited by 13
  3. 2024MedOdyssey: A Medical Domain Benchmark for Long Context Evaluation Up to 200K Tokenscited by 13
  4. 2025MMRAG: Multi-Mode Retrieval-Augmented Generation with Large Language Models for Biomedical In-Context Learningcited by 13
  5. 2021Sequential Diagnosis Prediction with Transformer and Ontological Representationcited by 12
  6. 2021Differentially Private Federated Learning via Inexact ADMMcited by 11
  7. 2024Enhancing Supply Chain Visibility with Knowledge Graphs and Large Language Modelscited by 11
  8. 2024RAMIE: Retrieval-Augmented Multi-task Information Extraction with Large Language Models on Dietary Supplementscited by 11
  9. 2025ChronoFormer: Time-Aware Transformer Architectures for Structured Clinical Event Modelingcited by 11
  10. 2024Multimodal Fusion of EHR in Structures and Semantics: Integrating Clinical Records and Notes with Hypergraph and LLMcited by 10
  11. 2023Meta-learning in healthcare: A surveycited by 9
  12. 2021Federated Learning for Privacy-Preserving Open Innovation Future on Digital Healthcited by 8
  13. 2024Large language models are good medical coders, if provided with toolscited by 8
  14. 2025TarDiff: Target-Oriented Diffusion Guidance for Synthetic Electronic Health Record Time Series Generationcited by 8
  15. 2021Machine Learning for Multimodal Electronic Health Records-based Research: Challenges and Perspectivescited by 7
  16. 2021Deep learning models are not robust against noise in clinical textcited by 6
  17. 2023SemEval-2023 Task 7: Multi-Evidence Natural Language Inference for Clinical Trial Datacited by 6
  18. 2023Clinical Risk Prediction Using Language Models: Benefits And Considerationscited by 6
  19. 2024A Method to Facilitate Membership Inference Attacks in Deep Learning Modelscited by 6
  20. 2022Few-Shot Cross-lingual Transfer for Coarse-grained De-identification of Code-Mixed Clinical Textscited by 5
  21. 2023TemporAI: Facilitating Machine Learning Innovation in Time Domain Tasks for Medicinecited by 5
  22. 2023IVP-VAE: Modeling EHR Time Series with Initial Value Problem Solverscited by 5
  23. 2023Wild-Tab: A Benchmark For Out-Of-Distribution Generalization In Tabular Regressioncited by 5
  24. 2021B-HAR: an open-source baseline framework for in depth study of human activity recognition datasets and workflowscited by 4
  25. 2021Explainable Health Risk Predictor with Transformer-based Medicare Claim Encodercited by 4
  26. 2021MIPO: Mutual Integration of Patient Journey and Medical Ontology for Healthcare Representation Learningcited by 4
  27. 2021Longitudinal patient stratification of electronic health records with flexible adjustment for clinical outcomescited by 4
  28. 2022Unsupervised EHR-based Phenotyping via Matrix and Tensor Decompositionscited by 4
  29. 2022Mini-Batch Learning Strategies for modeling long term temporal dependencies: A study in environmental applicationscited by 4
  30. 2024MUSE-Net: Missingness-aware mUlti-branching Self-attention Encoder for Irregular Longitudinal Electronic Health Recordscited by 4
  31. 2025Multi-View Contrastive Learning for Robust Domain Adaptation in Medical Time Series Analysiscited by 4
  32. 2025Toward Reliable Clinical Coding with Language Models: Verification and Lightweight Adaptationcited by 4
  33. 2021A Literature Review of Recent Graph Embedding Techniques for Biomedical Datacited by 3
  34. 2021Bootstrapping Your Own Positive Sample: Contrastive Learning With Electronic Health Record Datacited by 3
  35. 2021Machine Learning with Electronic Health Records is vulnerable to Backdoor Trigger Attackscited by 3
  36. 2023SLPerf: a Unified Framework for Benchmarking Split Learningcited by 3
  37. 2023Temporal-spatial Correlation Attention Network for Clinical Data Analysis in Intensive Care Unitcited by 3
  38. 2023Ascle: A Python Natural Language Processing Toolkit for Medical Text Generationcited by 3

50 most cited of 145 All 145 (JSON)