Transfer Learning for Domain Adaptation in MRI: Application in Brain Lesion Segmentation
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Abstract (arXiv)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is widely used in routine clinical diagnosis and treatment. However, variations in MRI acquisition protocols result in different appearances of normal and diseased tissue in the images. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs), which have shown to be successful in many medical image analysis tasks, are typically sensitive to the variations in imaging protocols. Therefore, in many cases, networks trained on data acquired with one MRI protocol, do not perform satisfactorily on data acquired with different protocols. This limits the use of models trained with large annotated legacy datasets on a new dataset with a different domain which is often a recurring situation in clinical settings. In this study, we aim to answer the following central questions regarding domain adaptation in medical image analysis: Given a fitted legacy model, 1) How much data from the new domain is required for a decent adaptation of the original network?; and, 2) What portion of the pre-trained model parameters should be retrained given a certain number of the new domain training samples? To address these questions, we conducted extensive experiments in white matter hyperintensity segmentation task. We trained a CNN on legacy MR images of brain and evaluated the performance of the domain-adapted network on the same task with images from a different domain. We then compared the performance of the model to the surrogate scenarios where either the same trained network is used or a new network is trained from scratch on the new dataset.The domain-adapted network tuned only by two training examples achieved a Dice score of 0.63 substantially outperforming a similar network trained on the same set of examples from scratch.
Key facts. Cited by 66 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 25 Feb 2017.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 19; 2022: 13; 2023: 14; 2024: 6; 2025: 8; 2026: 6.
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- 2021Domain Adaptation for Medical Image Analysis: A Surveycited by 352
- 2021SynthSeg: Segmentation of brain MRI scans of any contrast and resolution without retrainingcited by 237
- 2023UniverSeg: Universal Medical Image Segmentationcited by 91
- 2022NICO++: Towards Better Benchmarking for Domain Generalizationcited by 86
- 2022Trustworthy clinical AI solutions: a unified review of uncertainty quantification in deep learning models for medical image analysiscited by 63
- 2021Source-Free Domain Adaptive Fundus Image Segmentation with Denoised Pseudo-Labelingcited by 61
- 2021Applications of Deep Learning in Fundus Images: A Reviewcited by 59
- 2022Robust machine learning segmentation for large-scale analysis of heterogeneous clinical brain MRI datasetscited by 51
- 2021Domain Generalization on Medical Imaging Classification using Episodic Training with Task Augmentationcited by 33
- 2023Each Test Image Deserves A Specific Prompt: Continual Test-Time Adaptation for 2D Medical Image Segmentationcited by 29
- 2022DLTTA: Dynamic Learning Rate for Test-time Adaptation on Cross-domain Medical Imagescited by 28
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- 2026Robust Cross-Domain Generalization Using Unlabeled Target Data with Source-Domain Supervision27 May 2026
- 2026Reducing Annotation Burden for Femoral Cartilage Segmentation in Knee MRI via Cross-Sequence Transfer Learning9 May 2026
- 2026From Adaptation to Generalization: Adaptive Visual Prompting for Medical Image Segmentation19 Apr 2026
- 2026SPEGC: Continual Test-Time Adaptation via Semantic-Prompt-Enhanced Graph Clustering for Medical Image Segmentation12 Mar 2026
- 2026Towards Segmenting the Invisible: An End-to-End Registration and Segmentation Framework for Weakly Supervised Tumour Analysis5 Feb 2026
- 2025Deep Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Brain Imaging: Large-Scale Benchmarking and Bias Analysis1 Dec 2025
- 2025Using latent representations to link disjoint longitudinal data for mixed-effects regression29 Oct 2025
- 2025Unsupervised Deep Generative Models for Anomaly Detection in Neuroimaging: A Systematic Scoping Review16 Oct 2025
- 2025Modality-Agnostic Input Channels Enable Segmentation of Brain lesions in Multimodal MRI with Sequences Unavailable During Training11 Sep 2025
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