mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Medical Image Synthesis with Context-Aware Generative Adversarial Networks

arXiv 1612.05362 ↗First posted 16 Dec 2016cs.CVcited by 91

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Abstract (arXiv)

Computed tomography (CT) is critical for various clinical applications, e.g., radiotherapy treatment planning and also PET attenuation correction. However, CT exposes radiation during acquisition, which may cause side effects to patients. Compared to CT, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is much safer and does not involve any radiations. Therefore, recently, researchers are greatly motivated to estimate CT image from its corresponding MR image of the same subject for the case of radiotherapy planning. In this paper, we propose a data-driven approach to address this challenging problem. Specifically, we train a fully convolutional network to generate CT given an MR image. To better model the nonlinear relationship from MRI to CT and to produce more realistic images, we propose to use the adversarial training strategy and an image gradient difference loss function. We further apply AutoContext Model to implement a context-aware generative adversarial network. Experimental results show that our method is accurate and robust for predicting CT images from MRI images, and also outperforms three state-of-the-art methods under comparison.

Key facts. Cited by 91 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 16 Dec 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2021: 19; 2022: 14; 2023: 23; 2024: 12; 2025: 13; 2026: 10.

91 papers.

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  1. 2021Deepfakes Generation and Detection: State-of-the-art, open challenges, countermeasures, and way forwardcited by 82
  2. 2022Diffusion Deformable Model for 4D Temporal Medical Image Generationcited by 65
  3. 2021CovidGAN: Data Augmentation Using Auxiliary Classifier GAN for Improved Covid-19 Detectioncited by 64
  4. 2022Sketch guided and progressive growing GAN for realistic and editable ultrasound image synthesiscited by 41
  5. 2023Unified Multi-Modal Image Synthesis for Missing Modality Imputationcited by 39
  6. 2021VTGAN: Semi-supervised Retinal Image Synthesis and Disease Prediction using Vision Transformerscited by 28
  7. 2021Self-Attentive Spatial Adaptive Normalization for Cross-Modality Domain Adaptationcited by 24
  8. 2023Neuralizer: General Neuroimage Analysis without Re-Trainingcited by 24
  9. 2024Has Multimodal Learning Delivered Universal Intelligence in Healthcare? A Comprehensive Surveycited by 20
  10. 2025MAISI-v2: Accelerated 3D High-Resolution Medical Image Synthesis with Rectified Flow and Region-specific Contrastive Losscited by 20
  11. 2023Diffusion Models for Contrast Harmonization of Magnetic Resonance Imagescited by 19
  12. 2021Free-form tumor synthesis in computed tomography images via richer generative adversarial networkcited by 16
38 more
  1. 2021MRI to PET Cross-Modality Translation using Globally and Locally Aware GAN (GLA-GAN) for Multi-Modal Diagnosis of Alzheimer's Diseasecited by 16
  2. 2021Data synthesis and adversarial networks: A review and meta-analysis in cancer imagingcited by 15
  3. 2024Data-Efficient Unsupervised Interpolation Without Any Intermediate Frame for 4D Medical Imagescited by 15
  4. 2022Multi-scale Transformer Network with Edge-aware Pre-training for Cross-Modality MR Image Synthesiscited by 13
  5. 2023MedPrompt: Cross-Modal Prompting for Multi-Task Medical Image Translationcited by 13
  6. 2023Adversarial Fine-tuning using Generated Respiratory Sound to Address Class Imbalancecited by 11
  7. 2024PairAug: What Can Augmented Image-Text Pairs Do for Radiology?cited by 10
  8. 2024Counterfactual Explanations for Medical Image Classification and Regression using Diffusion Autoencodercited by 10
  9. 2021Controllable cardiac synthesis via disentangled anatomy arithmeticcited by 9
  10. 2021Adversarial Deep Learning for Online Resource Allocationcited by 7
  11. 2022EEG to fMRI Synthesis Benefits from Attentional Graphs of Electrode Relationshipscited by 7
  12. 2023Bi-parametric prostate MR image synthesis using pathology and sequence-conditioned stable diffusioncited by 7
  13. 2021Deep Learning based Multi-modal Computing with Feature Disentanglement for MRI Image Synthesiscited by 6
  14. 2021Bridging the gap between paired and unpaired medical image translationcited by 6
  15. 2022Cross-Modality Neuroimage Synthesis: A Surveycited by 6
  16. 2022DC-cycleGAN: Bidirectional CT-to-MR Synthesis from Unpaired Datacited by 6
  17. 2023Diffusion map particle systems for generative modelingcited by 6
  18. 2023PIE: Simulating Disease Progression via Progressive Image Editingcited by 6
  19. 2021Synthesizing MR Image Contrast Enhancement Using 3D High-resolution ConvNetscited by 5
  20. 2021SA-GAN: Structure-Aware GAN for Organ-Preserving Synthetic CT Generationcited by 5
  21. 2022Understanding the Tricks of Deep Learning in Medical Image Segmentation: Challenges and Future Directionscited by 5
  22. 2023Faithful Synthesis of Low-dose Contrast-enhanced Brain MRI Scans using Noise-preserving Conditional GANscited by 5
  23. 2021CT-SGAN: Computed Tomography Synthesis GANcited by 4
  24. 2023DermSynth3D: Synthesis of in-the-wild Annotated Dermatology Imagescited by 4
  25. 2024NT-ViT: Neural Transcoding Vision Transformers for EEG-to-fMRI Synthesiscited by 4
  26. 2025Data Can Speak for Itself: Quality-guided Utilization of Wireless Synthetic Datacited by 4
  27. 2021Generative Adversarial U-Net for Domain-free Medical Image Augmentationcited by 3
  28. 2021Frequency-Supervised MR-to-CT Image Synthesiscited by 3
  29. 2022Unified Framework for Histopathology Image Augmentation and Classification via Generative Modelscited by 3
  30. 2023Statistically Optimal Generative Modeling with Maximum Deviation from the Empirical Distributioncited by 3
  31. 2023Bi-Modality Medical Image Synthesis Using Semi-Supervised Sequential Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 3
  32. 2025PanoGAN A Deep Generative Model for Panoramic Dental Radiographscited by 3
  33. 2026Adaptive Domain Shift in Diffusion Models for Cross-Modality Image Translationcited by 3
  34. 2026Scalable next-scale autoregression for medical image generation across anatomical regionscited by 3
  35. 20213-D PET Image Generation with tumour masks using TGANcited by 2
  36. 2023Semantic Latent Space Regression of Diffusion Autoencoders for Vertebral Fracture Gradingcited by 2
  37. 2023BrainVoxGen: Deep learning framework for synthesis of Ultrasound to MRIcited by 2
  38. 2023A Unified Multi-Phase CT Synthesis and Classification Framework for Kidney Cancer Diagnosis with Incomplete Datacited by 2

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