mlsanityData to 7 Oct 2026

Connecting Generative Adversarial Networks and Actor-Critic Methods

arXiv 1610.01945 ↗First posted 6 Oct 2016cs.LG stat.MLcited by 49

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Abstract (arXiv)

Both generative adversarial networks (GAN) in unsupervised learning and actor-critic methods in reinforcement learning (RL) have gained a reputation for being difficult to optimize. Practitioners in both fields have amassed a large number of strategies to mitigate these instabilities and improve training. Here we show that GANs can be viewed as actor-critic methods in an environment where the actor cannot affect the reward. We review the strategies for stabilizing training for each class of models, both those that generalize between the two and those that are particular to that model. We also review a number of extensions to GANs and RL algorithms with even more complicated information flow. We hope that by highlighting this formal connection we will encourage both GAN and RL communities to develop general, scalable, and stable algorithms for multilevel optimization with deep networks, and to draw inspiration across communities.

Key facts. Cited by 49 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 6 Oct 2016.

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Citing papers per year: 2018: 1; 2019: 1; 2020: 1; 2021: 16; 2022: 12; 2023: 9; 2024: 3; 2025: 2; 2026: 4.

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  2. 2021Recent Advances in Deep Learning Based Dialogue Systems: A Systematic Surveycited by 130
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  5. 2021Towards Gradient-based Bilevel Optimization with Non-convex Followers and Beyondcited by 62
  6. 2021A Value-Function-based Interior-point Method for Non-convex Bi-level Optimizationcited by 60
  7. 2021Adversarially Guided Actor-Criticcited by 47
  8. 2021Stochastic Gradient Descent-Ascent and Consensus Optimization for Smooth Games: Convergence Analysis under Expected Co-coercivitycited by 43
  9. 2022TeachAugment: Data Augmentation Optimization Using Teacher Knowledgecited by 37
  10. 2018Sample-Efficient Imitation Learning via Generative Adversarial Netscited by 36
  11. 2021Stochastic Extragradient: General Analysis and Improved Ratescited by 31
  12. 2022On Implicit Bias in Overparameterized Bilevel Optimizationcited by 30
37 more
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  3. 2021Value-Function-based Sequential Minimization for Bi-level Optimizationcited by 24
  4. 2022L2C2: Locally Lipschitz Continuous Constraint towards Stable and Smooth Reinforcement Learningcited by 22
  5. 2020Lipschitzness Is All You Need To Tame Off-policy Generative Adversarial Imitation Learningcited by 15
  6. 2022The Curse of Unrolling: Rate of Differentiating Through Optimizationcited by 15
  7. 2021Complex Momentum for Optimization in Gamescited by 11
  8. 2021Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) in Networking: A Comprehensive Survey & Evaluationcited by 11
  9. 2022Max-Min Off-Policy Actor-Critic Method Focusing on Worst-Case Robustness to Model Misspecificationcited by 11
  10. 2022Subverting machines, fluctuating identities: Re-learning human categorizationcited by 10
  11. 2024Multi-Sender Persuasion: A Computational Perspectivecited by 9
  12. 2021Lyapunov Exponents for Diversity in Differentiable Gamescited by 8
  13. 2023Stochastic Methods in Variational Inequalities: Ergodicity, Bias and Refinementscited by 6
  14. 2019Situated GAIL: Multitask imitation using task-conditioned adversarial inverse reinforcement learningcited by 4
  15. 2023Learning with Constraint Learning: New Perspective, Solution Strategy and Various Applicationscited by 4
  16. 2024Dissipative Gradient Descent Ascent Method: A Control Theory Inspired Algorithm for Min-max Optimizationcited by 4
  17. 2022Imitating, Fast and Slow: Robust learning from demonstrations via decision-time planningcited by 3
  18. 2022Revisiting GANs by Best-Response Constraint: Perspective, Methodology, and Applicationcited by 3
  19. 2023Hierarchical Optimization-Derived Learningcited by 3
  20. 2023OER: Offline Experience Replay for Continual Offline Reinforcement Learningcited by 3
  21. 2026Fine-grained Analysis of Stability and Generalization for Stochastic Bilevel Optimizationcited by 3
  22. 2021Generative deep learning for decision making in gas networkscited by 2
  23. 2022Towards Extremely Fast Bilevel Optimization with Self-governed Convergence Guaranteescited by 2
  24. 2025qNBO: quasi-Newton Meets Bilevel Optimizationcited by 2
  25. 2026SHIFT: Motion Alignment in Video Diffusion Models with Adversarial Hybrid Fine-Tuningcited by 2
  26. 2022When is Momentum Extragradient Optimal? A Polynomial-Based Analysiscited by 1
  27. 2023Video Anomaly Detection using GANcited by 1
  28. 2024Exploring the Generalization Capabilities of AID-based Bi-level Optimizationcited by 1
  29. 2021Stateless actor-critic for instance segmentation with high-level priorscited by 0
  30. 2021Parallelized Reverse Curriculum Generationcited by 0
  31. 2021Hindsight Reward Tweaking via Conditional Deep Reinforcement Learningcited by 0
  32. 2022CAMEO: Curiosity Augmented Metropolis for Exploratory Optimal Policiescited by 0
  33. 2023DIRECT: Learning from Sparse and Shifting Rewards using Discriminative Reward Co-Trainingcited by 0
  34. 2023Omega: Optimistic EMA Gradientscited by 0
  35. 2025Conditional Policy Generator for Dynamic Constraint Satisfaction and Optimizationcited by 0
  36. 2026Shuffling the Data, Stretching the Step-size: Sharper Bias in constant step-size SGDcited by 0
  37. 2026Deep Reinforcement Learning for Equity Trading: Benchmarking Actor-Critic Methods with Forward Retrainingcited by 0