Video Pixel Networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
We propose a probabilistic video model, the Video Pixel Network (VPN), that estimates the discrete joint distribution of the raw pixel values in a video. The model and the neural architecture reflect the time, space and color structure of video tensors and encode it as a four-dimensional dependency chain. The VPN approaches the best possible performance on the Moving MNIST benchmark, a leap over the previous state of the art, and the generated videos show only minor deviations from the ground truth. The VPN also produces detailed samples on the action-conditional Robotic Pushing benchmark and generalizes to the motion of novel objects.
Key facts. Cited by 108 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 3 Oct 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 33; 2022: 24; 2023: 19; 2024: 13; 2025: 13; 2026: 6.
108 papers.
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- 2022Imagen Video: High Definition Video Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 1,765
- 2024Genie: Generative Interactive Environmentscited by 706
- 2021VideoGPT: Video Generation using VQ-VAE and Transformerscited by 651
- 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 618
- 2022MagicVideo: Efficient Video Generation With Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 463
- 2021StyleGAN-V: A Continuous Video Generator with the Price, Image Quality and Perks of StyleGAN2cited by 300
- 2023DriveDreamer: Towards Real-world-driven World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 258
- 2023Emu Video: Factorizing Text-to-Video Generation by Explicit Image Conditioningcited by 254
- 2022Long Video Generation with Time-Agnostic VQGAN and Time-Sensitive Transformercited by 244
- 2022AutoSDF: Shape Priors for 3D Completion, Reconstruction and Generationcited by 208
- 2022Generating Videos with Dynamics-aware Implicit Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 186
- 2024DriveDreamer-2: LLM-Enhanced World Models for Diverse Driving Video Generationcited by 186
38 more
- 2021PredRNN: A Recurrent Neural Network for Spatiotemporal Predictive Learningcited by 181
- 2022SimVP: Simpler yet Better Video Predictioncited by 181
- 2023Video Probabilistic Diffusion Models in Projected Latent Spacecited by 171
- 2021DriveGAN: Towards a Controllable High-Quality Neural Simulationcited by 125
- 2022Generating Long Videos of Dynamic Scenescited by 113
- 2022Reinforcement Learning with Action-Free Pre-Training from Videoscited by 107
- 2023TrojDiff: Trojan Attacks on Diffusion Models with Diverse Targetscited by 88
- 2021FitVid: Overfitting in Pixel-Level Video Predictioncited by 86
- 2022Temporal Attention Unit: Towards Efficient Spatiotemporal Predictive Learningcited by 84
- 2021Greedy Hierarchical Variational Autoencoders for Large-Scale Video Predictioncited by 75
- 2023ARTboldsymbol·V: Auto-Regressive Text-to-Video Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 74
- 2023Matryoshka Diffusion Modelscited by 70
- 2023Real-Time Radiance Fields for Single-Image Portrait View Synthesiscited by 64
- 2021Video Prediction Recalling Long-term Motion Context via Memory Alignment Learningcited by 62
- 2025Embodied AI Agents: Modeling the Worldcited by 57
- 2025Back to the Features: DINO as a Foundation for Video World Modelscited by 56
- 2021MotionRNN: A Flexible Model for Video Prediction with Spacetime-Varying Motionscited by 54
- 2026Context Forcing: Consistent Autoregressive Video Generation with Long Contextcited by 47
- 2022Temporally Consistent Transformers for Video Generationcited by 43
- 2024Efficient Video Diffusion Models via Content-Frame Motion-Latent Decompositioncited by 41
- 2021Clockwork Variational Autoencoderscited by 40
- 2024Autoregressive Models in Vision: A Surveycited by 39
- 2024A Survey on Generative AI and LLM for Video Generation, Understanding, and Streamingcited by 37
- 2023Dysen-VDM: Empowering Dynamics-aware Text-to-Video Diffusion with LLMscited by 35
- 2024VMRNN: Integrating Vision Mamba and LSTM for Efficient and Accurate Spatiotemporal Forecastingcited by 35
- 2021EarthNet2021: A large-scale dataset and challenge for Earth surface forecasting as a guided video prediction taskcited by 34
- 2025Free4D: Tuning-free 4D Scene Generation with Spatial-Temporal Consistencycited by 34
- 2022Tell Me What Happened: Unifying Text-guided Video Completion via Multimodal Masked Video Generationcited by 32
- 2023Feature-Conditioned Cascaded Video Diffusion Models for Precise Echocardiogram Synthesiscited by 32
- 2023SwinLSTM:Improving Spatiotemporal Prediction Accuracy using Swin Transformer and LSTMcited by 32
- 2021iVPF: Numerical Invertible Volume Preserving Flow for Efficient Lossless Compressioncited by 27
- 2023Denoising diffusion algorithm for inverse design of microstructures with fine-tuned nonlinear material propertiescited by 23
- 2022HARP: Autoregressive Latent Video Prediction with High-Fidelity Image Generatorcited by 22
- 2023Vector Quantized Wasserstein Auto-Encodercited by 22
- 2022SimVPv2: Towards Simple yet Powerful Spatiotemporal Predictive Learningcited by 20
- 2025Better Tokens for Better 3D: Advancing Vision-Language Modeling in 3D Medical Imagingcited by 20
- 2024ImageFlowNet: Forecasting Multiscale Image-Level Trajectories of Disease Progression with Irregularly-Sampled Longitudinal Medical Imagescited by 19
- 2023MMVP: Motion-Matrix-based Video Predictioncited by 18
50 most cited of 108 All 108 (JSON)
- 2026SignRefine: Adapting Foundational Video Models for Sign Language Generation8 Sep 2026
- 2026HL-OutPaint: Coarse-to-Fine Video Outpainting for High-Resolution Long-Range Videos17 May 2026
- 2026Evolution of Video Generative Foundations7 Apr 2026
- 2026Video Generation Models as World Models: Efficient Paradigms, Architectures and Algorithms30 Mar 2026
- 2026PFGNet: A Fully Convolutional Frequency-Guided Peripheral Gating Network for Efficient Spatiotemporal Predictive Learning24 Feb 2026
- 2026Context Forcing: Consistent Autoregressive Video Generation with Long Context5 Feb 2026
- 2025Light-X: Generative 4D Video Rendering with Camera and Illumination Control4 Dec 2025
- 2025Uniform Discrete Diffusion with Metric Path for Video Generation28 Oct 2025
- 2025Better Tokens for Better 3D: Advancing Vision-Language Modeling in 3D Medical Imaging23 Oct 2025
- 2025PoseCrafter: Extreme Pose Estimation with Hybrid Video Synthesis22 Oct 2025
- 2025Back to the Features: DINO as a Foundation for Video World Models25 Jul 2025
- 2025Enhancing Scene Transition Awareness in Video Generation via Post-Training24 Jul 2025
38 more
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- 2025Debiasing Kernel-Based Generative Models26 Mar 2025
- 2025Free4D: Tuning-free 4D Scene Generation with Spatial-Temporal Consistency26 Mar 2025
- 2025MALT Diffusion: Memory-Augmented Latent Transformers for Any-Length Video Generation18 Feb 2025
- 2025Predictive Learning in Energy-based Models with Attractor Structures23 Jan 2025
- 2024Autoregressive Models in Vision: A Survey8 Nov 2024
- 2024Motion Graph Unleashed: A Novel Approach to Video Prediction29 Oct 2024
- 2024Advection Augmented Convolutional Neural Networks27 Jun 2024
- 2024ImageFlowNet: Forecasting Multiscale Image-Level Trajectories of Disease Progression with Irregularly-Sampled Longitudinal Medical Images20 Jun 2024
- 2024State-space Decomposition Model for Video Prediction Considering Long-term Motion Trend17 Apr 2024
- 2024VMRNN: Integrating Vision Mamba and LSTM for Efficient and Accurate Spatiotemporal Forecasting25 Mar 2024
- 2024Efficient Video Diffusion Models via Content-Frame Motion-Latent Decomposition21 Mar 2024
- 2024DriveDreamer-2: LLM-Enhanced World Models for Diverse Driving Video Generation11 Mar 2024
- 2024SFTformer: A Spatial-Frequency-Temporal Correlation-Decoupling Transformer for Radar Echo Extrapolation28 Feb 2024
- 2024Genie: Generative Interactive Environments23 Feb 2024
- 2024Spatiotemporal Observer Design for Predictive Learning of High-Dimensional Data23 Feb 2024
- 2024A Survey on Generative AI and LLM for Video Generation, Understanding, and Streaming30 Jan 2024
- 2024A Survey on Future Frame Synthesis: Bridging Deterministic and Generative Approaches26 Jan 2024
- 2023ARTboldsymbol·V: Auto-Regressive Text-to-Video Generation with Diffusion Models30 Nov 2023
- 2023Emu Video: Factorizing Text-to-Video Generation by Explicit Image Conditioning17 Nov 2023
- 2023FLODCAST: Flow and Depth Forecasting via Multimodal Recurrent Architectures31 Oct 2023
- 2023Matryoshka Diffusion Models23 Oct 2023
- 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving29 Sep 2023
- 2023DriveDreamer: Towards Real-world-driven World Models for Autonomous Driving18 Sep 2023
- 2023Ten Years of Generative Adversarial Nets (GANs): A survey of the state-of-the-art30 Aug 2023
- 2023MMVP: Motion-Matrix-based Video Prediction30 Aug 2023
- 2023Dysen-VDM: Empowering Dynamics-aware Text-to-Video Diffusion with LLMs26 Aug 2023
- 2023SwinLSTM:Improving Spatiotemporal Prediction Accuracy using Swin Transformer and LSTM19 Aug 2023
- 2023Dual-Stream Diffusion Net for Text-to-Video Generation16 Aug 2023
- 2023PartDiff: Image Super-resolution with Partial Diffusion Models21 Jul 2023
- 2023Real-Time Radiance Fields for Single-Image Portrait View Synthesis3 May 2023
- 2023Video Generation Beyond a Single Clip15 Apr 2023
- 2023Feature-Conditioned Cascaded Video Diffusion Models for Precise Echocardiogram Synthesis22 Mar 2023
- 2023TrojDiff: Trojan Attacks on Diffusion Models with Diverse Targets10 Mar 2023
- 2023Denoising diffusion algorithm for inverse design of microstructures with fine-tuned nonlinear material properties24 Feb 2023
- 2023Video Probabilistic Diffusion Models in Projected Latent Space15 Feb 2023
50 newest of 108 All 108 (JSON)
- 2022Imagen Video: High Definition Video Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 1,765
- 2022MagicVideo: Efficient Video Generation With Latent Diffusion Modelscited by 463
- 2023Video Probabilistic Diffusion Models in Projected Latent Spacecited by 171
- 2023TrojDiff: Trojan Attacks on Diffusion Models with Diverse Targetscited by 88
- 2023ARTboldsymbol·V: Auto-Regressive Text-to-Video Generation with Diffusion Modelscited by 74
- 2023Matryoshka Diffusion Modelscited by 70
- 2024Efficient Video Diffusion Models via Content-Frame Motion-Latent Decompositioncited by 41
- 2023Dysen-VDM: Empowering Dynamics-aware Text-to-Video Diffusion with LLMscited by 35
- 2023Feature-Conditioned Cascaded Video Diffusion Models for Precise Echocardiogram Synthesiscited by 32
- 2023Denoising diffusion algorithm for inverse design of microstructures with fine-tuned nonlinear material propertiescited by 23
- 2025MALT Diffusion: Memory-Augmented Latent Transformers for Any-Length Video Generationcited by 14
- 2023Dual-Stream Diffusion Net for Text-to-Video Generationcited by 12
12 most cited of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2026SignRefine: Adapting Foundational Video Models for Sign Language Generation8 Sep 2026
- 2025Uniform Discrete Diffusion with Metric Path for Video Generation28 Oct 2025
- 2025Debiasing Kernel-Based Generative Models26 Mar 2025
- 2025MALT Diffusion: Memory-Augmented Latent Transformers for Any-Length Video Generation18 Feb 2025
- 2024Efficient Video Diffusion Models via Content-Frame Motion-Latent Decomposition21 Mar 2024
- 2023ARTboldsymbol·V: Auto-Regressive Text-to-Video Generation with Diffusion Models30 Nov 2023
- 2023Matryoshka Diffusion Models23 Oct 2023
- 2023Dysen-VDM: Empowering Dynamics-aware Text-to-Video Diffusion with LLMs26 Aug 2023
- 2023Dual-Stream Diffusion Net for Text-to-Video Generation16 Aug 2023
- 2023PartDiff: Image Super-resolution with Partial Diffusion Models21 Jul 2023
- 2023Feature-Conditioned Cascaded Video Diffusion Models for Precise Echocardiogram Synthesis22 Mar 2023
- 2023TrojDiff: Trojan Attacks on Diffusion Models with Diverse Targets10 Mar 2023
12 newest of 16 All 16 (JSON)
- 2024Genie: Generative Interactive Environmentscited by 706
- 2021VideoGPT: Video Generation using VQ-VAE and Transformerscited by 651
- 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Drivingcited by 618
- 2023DriveDreamer: Towards Real-world-driven World Models for Autonomous Drivingcited by 258
- 2024DriveDreamer-2: LLM-Enhanced World Models for Diverse Driving Video Generationcited by 186
- 2025Embodied AI Agents: Modeling the Worldcited by 57
- 2025Back to the Features: DINO as a Foundation for Video World Modelscited by 56
- 2024A Survey on Future Frame Synthesis: Bridging Deterministic and Generative Approachescited by 7
- 2026Evolution of Video Generative Foundationscited by 6
- 2026Video Generation Models as World Models: Efficient Paradigms, Architectures and Algorithmscited by 5
- 2025TARDIS STRIDE: A Spatio-Temporal Road Image Dataset and World Model for Autonomycited by 0
- 2026Evolution of Video Generative Foundations7 Apr 2026
- 2026Video Generation Models as World Models: Efficient Paradigms, Architectures and Algorithms30 Mar 2026
- 2025Back to the Features: DINO as a Foundation for Video World Models25 Jul 2025
- 2025Embodied AI Agents: Modeling the World27 Jun 2025
- 2025TARDIS STRIDE: A Spatio-Temporal Road Image Dataset and World Model for Autonomy12 Jun 2025
- 2024DriveDreamer-2: LLM-Enhanced World Models for Diverse Driving Video Generation11 Mar 2024
- 2024Genie: Generative Interactive Environments23 Feb 2024
- 2024A Survey on Future Frame Synthesis: Bridging Deterministic and Generative Approaches26 Jan 2024
- 2023GAIA-1: A Generative World Model for Autonomous Driving29 Sep 2023
- 2023DriveDreamer: Towards Real-world-driven World Models for Autonomous Driving18 Sep 2023
- 2021VideoGPT: Video Generation using VQ-VAE and Transformers20 Apr 2021
- 2021StyleGAN-V: A Continuous Video Generator with the Price, Image Quality and Perks of StyleGAN2cited by 300
- 2023Emu Video: Factorizing Text-to-Video Generation by Explicit Image Conditioningcited by 254
- 2022Long Video Generation with Time-Agnostic VQGAN and Time-Sensitive Transformercited by 244
- 2022AutoSDF: Shape Priors for 3D Completion, Reconstruction and Generationcited by 208
- 2022Generating Videos with Dynamics-aware Implicit Generative Adversarial Networkscited by 186
- 2021PredRNN: A Recurrent Neural Network for Spatiotemporal Predictive Learningcited by 181
- 2022SimVP: Simpler yet Better Video Predictioncited by 181
- 2021DriveGAN: Towards a Controllable High-Quality Neural Simulationcited by 125
- 2022Generating Long Videos of Dynamic Scenescited by 113
- 2022Reinforcement Learning with Action-Free Pre-Training from Videoscited by 107
- 2021FitVid: Overfitting in Pixel-Level Video Predictioncited by 86
- 2022Temporal Attention Unit: Towards Efficient Spatiotemporal Predictive Learningcited by 84
12 most cited of 78 All 78 (JSON)
- 2026HL-OutPaint: Coarse-to-Fine Video Outpainting for High-Resolution Long-Range Videos17 May 2026
- 2026PFGNet: A Fully Convolutional Frequency-Guided Peripheral Gating Network for Efficient Spatiotemporal Predictive Learning24 Feb 2026
- 2026Context Forcing: Consistent Autoregressive Video Generation with Long Context5 Feb 2026
- 2025Light-X: Generative 4D Video Rendering with Camera and Illumination Control4 Dec 2025
- 2025PoseCrafter: Extreme Pose Estimation with Hybrid Video Synthesis22 Oct 2025
- 2025Enhancing Scene Transition Awareness in Video Generation via Post-Training24 Jul 2025
- 2025Task-Driven Discrete Representation Learning13 Jun 2025
- 2025Free4D: Tuning-free 4D Scene Generation with Spatial-Temporal Consistency26 Mar 2025
- 2025Predictive Learning in Energy-based Models with Attractor Structures23 Jan 2025
- 2024Autoregressive Models in Vision: A Survey8 Nov 2024
- 2024Motion Graph Unleashed: A Novel Approach to Video Prediction29 Oct 2024
- 2024Advection Augmented Convolutional Neural Networks27 Jun 2024
12 newest of 78 All 78 (JSON)