Crowd-sourcing NLG Data: Pictures Elicit Better Data
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Abstract (arXiv)
Recent advances in corpus-based Natural Language Generation (NLG) hold the promise of being easily portable across domains, but require costly training data, consisting of meaning representations (MRs) paired with Natural Language (NL) utterances. In this work, we propose a novel framework for crowdsourcing high quality NLG training data, using automatic quality control measures and evaluating different MRs with which to elicit data. We show that pictorial MRs result in better NL data being collected than logic-based MRs: utterances elicited by pictorial MRs are judged as significantly more natural, more informative, and better phrased, with a significant increase in average quality ratings (around 0.5 points on a 6-point scale), compared to using the logical MRs. As the MR becomes more complex, the benefits of pictorial stimuli increase. The collected data will be released as part of this submission.
Key facts. Cited by 11 papers in the map (data through 7 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 1 Aug 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 2; 2022: 2; 2023: 1; 2024: 4; 2025: 1; 2026: 1.
11 papers.
- 2021HiTab: A Hierarchical Table Dataset for Question Answering and Natural Language Generationcited by 117
- 2022Table Pre-training: A Survey on Model Architectures, Pre-training Objectives, and Downstream Taskscited by 42
- 2024Themis: A Reference-free NLG Evaluation Language Model with Flexibility and Interpretabilitycited by 19
- 2024Do Large Language Models Have an English Accent? Evaluating and Improving the Naturalness of Multilingual LLMscited by 19
- 2023Multi-party Goal Tracking with LLMs: Comparing Pre-training, Fine-tuning, and Prompt Engineeringcited by 13
- 2022Innovations in Neural Data-to-text Generation: A Surveycited by 10
- 2021Naturalness Evaluation of Natural Language Generation in Task-oriented Dialogues using BERTcited by 5
- 2024DataTales: A Benchmark for Real-World Intelligent Data Narrationcited by 3
- 2025MENLO: From Preferences to Proficiency -- Evaluating and Modeling Native-like Quality Across 47 Languagescited by 3
- 2024Self-training from Self-memory in Data-to-text Generationcited by 0
- 2026TEAR: Table Extraction with Attribute Recommendation from Texts via Large Language Modelscited by 0
- 2026TEAR: Table Extraction with Attribute Recommendation from Texts via Large Language Models14 Sep 2026
- 2025MENLO: From Preferences to Proficiency -- Evaluating and Modeling Native-like Quality Across 47 Languages30 Sep 2025
- 2024DataTales: A Benchmark for Real-World Intelligent Data Narration23 Oct 2024
- 2024Do Large Language Models Have an English Accent? Evaluating and Improving the Naturalness of Multilingual LLMs21 Oct 2024
- 2024Themis: A Reference-free NLG Evaluation Language Model with Flexibility and Interpretability26 Jun 2024
- 2024Self-training from Self-memory in Data-to-text Generation19 Jan 2024
- 2023Multi-party Goal Tracking with LLMs: Comparing Pre-training, Fine-tuning, and Prompt Engineering29 Aug 2023
- 2022Innovations in Neural Data-to-text Generation: A Survey25 Jul 2022
- 2022Table Pre-training: A Survey on Model Architectures, Pre-training Objectives, and Downstream Tasks24 Jan 2022
- 2021Naturalness Evaluation of Natural Language Generation in Task-oriented Dialogues using BERT7 Sep 2021
- 2021HiTab: A Hierarchical Table Dataset for Question Answering and Natural Language Generation15 Aug 2021