Inverting face embeddings with convolutional neural networks
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Abstract (arXiv)
Deep neural networks have dramatically advanced the state of the art for many areas of machine learning. Recently they have been shown to have a remarkable ability to generate highly complex visual artifacts such as images and text rather than simply recognize them. In this work we use neural networks to effectively invert low-dimensional face embeddings while producing realistically looking consistent images. Our contribution is twofold, first we show that a gradient ascent style approaches can be used to reproduce consistent images, with a help of a guiding image. Second, we demonstrate that we can train a separate neural network to effectively solve the minimization problem in one pass, and generate images in real-time. We then evaluate the loss imposed by using a neural network instead of the gradient descent by comparing the final values of the minimized loss function.
Key facts. Cited by 22 papers in the map (data through 14 Oct 2026). First posted on arXiv 14 Jun 2016.
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Citing papers per year: 2021: 4; 2022: 6; 2023: 3; 2024: 6; 2025: 1; 2026: 2.
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- 2023Privacy-preserving Adversarial Facial Featurescited by 24
- 2023Controllable Inversion of Black-Box Face Recognition Models via Diffusioncited by 22
- 2021DeepfakeUCL: Deepfake Detection via Unsupervised Contrastive Learningcited by 20
- 2021Towards Protecting Face Embeddings in Mobile Face Verification Scenarioscited by 14
- 2021Biometric Template Protection for Neural-Network-based Face Recognition Systems: A Survey of Methods and Evaluation Techniquescited by 11
- 2021Tackling Dynamics in Federated Incremental Learning with Variational Embedding Rehearsalcited by 11
- 2024SlerpFace: Face Template Protection via Spherical Linear Interpolationcited by 8
- 2022HINNPerf: Hierarchical Interaction Neural Network for Performance Prediction of Configurable Systemscited by 5
- 2022Vec2Face-v2: Unveil Human Faces from their Blackbox Features via Attention-based Network in Face Recognitioncited by 4
- 2024Reversing the Irreversible: A Survey on Inverse Biometricscited by 4
- 2022Assessing Privacy Risks from Feature Vector Reconstruction Attackscited by 2
- 2022Reconstruct Face from Features Using GAN Generator as a Distribution Constraintcited by 2
10 more
- 2024Approximating Optimal Morphing Attacks using Template Inversioncited by 2
- 2024PixelFade: Privacy-preserving Person Re-identification with Noise-guided Progressive Replacementcited by 2
- 2022Fingerprint Template Invertibility: Minutiae vs. Deep Templatescited by 1
- 2022Deepfake Detection via Joint Unsupervised Reconstruction and Supervised Classificationcited by 1
- 2026A Deeper Dive into the Irreversibility of PolyProtect: Making Protected Face Templates Harder to Invertcited by 1
- 2023Facial Data Minimization: Shallow Model as Your Privacy Filtercited by 0
- 2024Unrecognizable Yet Identifiable: Image Distortion with Preserved Embeddingscited by 0
- 2024Embedding Non-Distortive Cancelable Face Template Generationcited by 0
- 2025PEEL the Layers and Find Yourself: Revisiting Inference-time Data Leakage for Residual Neural Networkscited by 0
- 2026Is it Possible to Generate Irreversible PolyProtected Templates from Face Embeddings using System-Specific Keys?cited by 0
- 2026Is it Possible to Generate Irreversible PolyProtected Templates from Face Embeddings using System-Specific Keys?1 Oct 2026
- 2026A Deeper Dive into the Irreversibility of PolyProtect: Making Protected Face Templates Harder to Invert5 May 2026
- 2025PEEL the Layers and Find Yourself: Revisiting Inference-time Data Leakage for Residual Neural Networks8 Apr 2025
- 2024PixelFade: Privacy-preserving Person Re-identification with Noise-guided Progressive Replacement10 Aug 2024
- 2024SlerpFace: Face Template Protection via Spherical Linear Interpolation3 Jul 2024
- 2024Embedding Non-Distortive Cancelable Face Template Generation4 Feb 2024
- 2024Approximating Optimal Morphing Attacks using Template Inversion1 Feb 2024
- 2024Unrecognizable Yet Identifiable: Image Distortion with Preserved Embeddings26 Jan 2024
- 2024Reversing the Irreversible: A Survey on Inverse Biometrics5 Jan 2024
- 2023Facial Data Minimization: Shallow Model as Your Privacy Filter24 Oct 2023
- 2023Privacy-preserving Adversarial Facial Features8 May 2023
- 2023Controllable Inversion of Black-Box Face Recognition Models via Diffusion23 Mar 2023
10 more
- 2022Deepfake Detection via Joint Unsupervised Reconstruction and Supervised Classification24 Nov 2022
- 2022Vec2Face-v2: Unveil Human Faces from their Blackbox Features via Attention-based Network in Face Recognition11 Sep 2022
- 2022Reconstruct Face from Features Using GAN Generator as a Distribution Constraint9 Jun 2022
- 2022Fingerprint Template Invertibility: Minutiae vs. Deep Templates8 May 2022
- 2022HINNPerf: Hierarchical Interaction Neural Network for Performance Prediction of Configurable Systems8 Apr 2022
- 2022Assessing Privacy Risks from Feature Vector Reconstruction Attacks11 Feb 2022
- 2021Tackling Dynamics in Federated Incremental Learning with Variational Embedding Rehearsal19 Oct 2021
- 2021Biometric Template Protection for Neural-Network-based Face Recognition Systems: A Survey of Methods and Evaluation Techniques11 Oct 2021
- 2021Towards Protecting Face Embeddings in Mobile Face Verification Scenarios1 Oct 2021
- 2021DeepfakeUCL: Deepfake Detection via Unsupervised Contrastive Learning23 Apr 2021
- 2023Privacy-preserving Adversarial Facial Featurescited by 24
- 2021DeepfakeUCL: Deepfake Detection via Unsupervised Contrastive Learningcited by 20
- 2021Towards Protecting Face Embeddings in Mobile Face Verification Scenarioscited by 14
- 2021Biometric Template Protection for Neural-Network-based Face Recognition Systems: A Survey of Methods and Evaluation Techniquescited by 11
- 2021Tackling Dynamics in Federated Incremental Learning with Variational Embedding Rehearsalcited by 11
- 2024SlerpFace: Face Template Protection via Spherical Linear Interpolationcited by 8
- 2022HINNPerf: Hierarchical Interaction Neural Network for Performance Prediction of Configurable Systemscited by 5
- 2022Vec2Face-v2: Unveil Human Faces from their Blackbox Features via Attention-based Network in Face Recognitioncited by 4
- 2024Reversing the Irreversible: A Survey on Inverse Biometricscited by 4
- 2022Assessing Privacy Risks from Feature Vector Reconstruction Attackscited by 2
- 2022Reconstruct Face from Features Using GAN Generator as a Distribution Constraintcited by 2
- 2024Approximating Optimal Morphing Attacks using Template Inversioncited by 2
12 most cited of 21 All 21 (JSON)
- 2026Is it Possible to Generate Irreversible PolyProtected Templates from Face Embeddings using System-Specific Keys?1 Oct 2026
- 2026A Deeper Dive into the Irreversibility of PolyProtect: Making Protected Face Templates Harder to Invert5 May 2026
- 2025PEEL the Layers and Find Yourself: Revisiting Inference-time Data Leakage for Residual Neural Networks8 Apr 2025
- 2024PixelFade: Privacy-preserving Person Re-identification with Noise-guided Progressive Replacement10 Aug 2024
- 2024SlerpFace: Face Template Protection via Spherical Linear Interpolation3 Jul 2024
- 2024Embedding Non-Distortive Cancelable Face Template Generation4 Feb 2024
- 2024Approximating Optimal Morphing Attacks using Template Inversion1 Feb 2024
- 2024Unrecognizable Yet Identifiable: Image Distortion with Preserved Embeddings26 Jan 2024
- 2024Reversing the Irreversible: A Survey on Inverse Biometrics5 Jan 2024
- 2023Facial Data Minimization: Shallow Model as Your Privacy Filter24 Oct 2023
- 2023Privacy-preserving Adversarial Facial Features8 May 2023
- 2022Deepfake Detection via Joint Unsupervised Reconstruction and Supervised Classification24 Nov 2022
12 newest of 21 All 21 (JSON)